High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Thin-skinned Green Meat Melon Yutiancubao

Yutiancubao is a new-generation hybrid thin-skinned breed selected by Henan Yuyi Seed Industry Technology Development Co., Ltd. Because of its bright green flesh, high sugar content, crispy and delicious flavor, good flavor, and good market efficiency, it has been welcomed by growers. The planting area in melons in Henan, Hebei, and Shandong has increased year by year. During the year of 2009-2009, when I visited the above melon planting areas, I conducted investigations and found that there are problems in melon production, such as insufficient seedling technology, inadequate cultivation techniques, and untimely pest control. The company's scientific researchers have summarized a set of spring high-yield cultivation techniques for Yu Tiancuibao. After several years of promotion, the results are remarkable.

1 Characteristics of Yutiancubao

Yutiancubao is a new early-maturing hybrid thin-skinned melon cultivar. The plant grows steadily, the leaf size is medium, the whole growth period is about 95 days, and the fruit development is about 25 days. The fruit is large pear-shaped, with green skin and green flesh, thick flesh, bright green crystals, crispy and delicious, and good taste. The content of soluble solids in the center can reach 14%. The weight of a single fruit is 400-600 g, and the yield of 667 m2 can reach 2 500 kg.

2 Sowing at the right time

Yutiancubao is suitable for spring shed and open field cultivation in Henan area. Spring single-film mulch cultivation and seedling cultivation in spring are generally in mid-February and open-field cultivation and seedling cultivation in mid-March. The suitable seedling age for spring seedlings is about 40 days, or the seedlings have 3-4 true leaves. Other regions can determine the appropriate seedling period according to local climate conditions.

3 Cultivate strong seedlings

3.1 Seed processing

The seeds of Yutiancubao are full and packed in inner bags, with high germination potential and germination rate. Before sowing, choose sunny days to dry the seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, which can increase the germination potential of the seeds and promote the uniform seedlings. Soak the dried seeds with room temperature water for 1-2 h, make the seeds absorb water slowly, and then blanch the seeds with warm water at 55 ℃ (2 parts boiled water and 1 part cold water) to avoid frying the shell when soaking in warm water. Keep warming the seeds while soaking in the warm soup, and let them soak for 4 h when they are cooled to about 25 ℃, which can effectively kill the seed epidermis and internal bacteria and eggs. Disinfection with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes can effectively prevent cataplexy, blight, gray mold, etc .; soaking seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes can effectively prevent viral diseases. After disinfection, the seeds must be washed with water and germinated in an incubator at 25-28 ° C. After 2 days, wait for 70% -80% of the seeds to be sown when exposed.

3.2 Preparation of nursery substrate

Select fertile field soil and rotten farm fertilizer to mix and sifter according to 6: 4. Add 200 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to 1 m3 of nutrient soil, spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1,000 times in the nutrient soil, and then pile up and sterilize and exterminate the insects. You can also choose high-quality melon and vegetable special substrate nursery, which has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, no germs, breathable, easy to use, etc., and can be directly installed into a plug tray.

3.3 Sowing

Choose sowing on a sunny day, this will help the emergence of tidy. Before sowing, water the seedbed, use 2,000 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 2,000 times solution of chlorpyrifos, and spray 25-30 trays of water evenly for each watering can (7.5-8 kg). Generally, one seed is sown in each hole, and then covered with nutrient soil (substrate) of about 1 cm. After sowing, the seedbed is sprinkled with a small amount of water, covered with plastic film, and covered with an arch shed to achieve moisturization, temperature increase, and promote the uniform and consistent seed emergence.

3.4 Management after sowing

In order to promote the emergence of seeds as soon as possible after sowing, the greenhouses and small arch sheds must be covered tightly to maintain a high temperature. The temperature is maintained at 28-32 ° C during the day and 18-20 ° C at night, not less than 13 ° C. When 30% -40% of the seeds are unearthed, remove the mulch to prevent high-temperature burning seedlings and seedlings from growing too long. Before seedling cotyledons turn green, the temperature during the day should not be higher than 20 ℃, and the temperature at night should be controlled above 12 ℃. After the cotyledons turn green and flatten before the true leaves grow, the temperature during the day is maintained at 20-26 ℃, and at night 15-18 ℃, not lower than 10 ℃. After the true leaves grow, the temperature during the day can be appropriately increased, and the temperature at night can be appropriately reduced. The temperature is maintained at 22-30 ° C during the day and 13-16 ° C at night. The temperature of the seedbed is well controlled, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of excessive seedlings and diseases at the seedling stage, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings.

After the true leaves of the seedlings for plug-in seedling emergence, due to the accelerated growth of the seedlings, water needs to be added. Watering at the seedling stage should be carried out according to the external weather, the humidity of the seedbed, and the growth and development of the seedlings. Watering is usually carried out when the seedlings are partially wilted at noon on consecutive sunny days. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, high-quality ternary compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (20 g plus 15 kg of water) can be used in combination when watering, and fertilizer is applied once every 2-3 times of water. In order to prevent the occurrence of seedling diseases, once every 10-15 days after the seedlings are sprayed, a spray of 600 or 800 times of oxacillin hydrochloride or hydrochloride hydrochloride is applied. When the seedlings are 35-40 days old, or when the seedlings have 3 true leaves, they are planted. Spray the medicine once a day before transplanting the seedlings to prevent disease after planting.

4 Colonization

In greenhouse cultivation, the greenhouse film should be fastened 20-25 days before planting to help raise the ground temperature in the greenhouse. Before planting, according to the soil fertility, 667 m2 of rotten organic fertilizer 3 000-4 000 kg is used as the base fertilizer, combined with cake fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content and chicken poultry manure 500-600 kg, which can promote the robust growth of the plant and enhance the disease resistance Ability to improve fruit quality; or apply potassium sulfate-type ternary compound fertilizer 80-100 kg. For melons grown all year round, root-knot nematodes can be used in combination with 0.5% avermectin granules to deepen 667 m2 4 kg, can reduce the damage of root-knot nematodes to root growth, and create a good environment for melon root growth.

Yutian Crispy Bao greenhouse cultivation mostly adopts high ridge, wide and narrow row cultivation methods, which is easy to manage. The ridge distance is 1.2-1.4 m, the ridge width is 60-80 cm, the ridge height is about 25 cm, and the turtle back ridge width is 60 cm. Planting with mulch can effectively reduce air humidity and reduce disease occurrence. In spring, the temperature of 10 cm soil layer can be settled at 13 ℃. Plant spacing of 60 cm, 667 m2, 1 800-2 000 plants. Cultivation in open field mostly uses flat-ground creeping growth, and 900-1 000 plants are planted in 667 m2.

5 Management after planting

5.1 Post-planting management

After planting and planting in Yutian Crisp Po, it should be planted with sufficient water at each hole, and it should not be watered. Within 15 days after planting, due to the low temperature, heat preservation and slow seedlings were the main factors. One week after planting, try not to let out the wind or less wind. The air temperature during the day should be kept at about 30 ℃, and at night should not be lower than 15 ℃, in order to slow down the seedlings. No watering is required within 1 week after planting.

5.2 Post-mice management

The temperature of Yutiancubao in the greenhouse should be kept at 25-30 ℃ during the day and not lower than 13 ℃ at night after cultivation. After the temperature gradually rises, the greenhouse should pay attention to air release and cooling, and gradually increase the ventilation openings. The temperature of the flowering and fruiting stage of the plant is controlled at 25-30 ° C during the day and 15-18 ° C at night; the fruit expansion period should be controlled at 25-32 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night. When the daytime temperature rises above 23 ℃ and the night temperature is above 15 ℃, the greenhouse film can be opened day and night. After watering the seedlings slowly but before the plants bloom, watering is generally not carried out to prevent excessive humidity in the shed, which will cause the plants to grow too long and cause disease. In open field cultivation, ridges should be cultivated in shallow shallow soil in time to prevent and control underground pests and weeding in time.

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