Technical points:
Long branch pruning is a pruning technique that does not need to cut the fruiting branches but only uses thinning, retraction and slow release. The main points of pruning are: pruning the backbone branches and extension branches, and leaving small prongs in front of the auxiliary shoots of young trees. Adult trees depend on the growth of the tree. The prosperous trees remove part or all of the secondary shoots; the moderate trees compress to the strong secondary shoots; the weak trees leave small prongs in front of the secondary shoots to extend. For pruning other branches, adopt slow release or thinning.
The basic principle of winter pruning is: the density of branches on the backbone branches (including large fruiting branches) is to leave one long fruit branch every 15-20 cm, and the amount of branches left in the whole tree is 50%-60% of the traditional short-cut pruning. For example, an adult tree with a row spacing of 5 to 6 meters and a plant spacing of 3 to 4 meters, each tree retains between 200 and 250 long fruit branches, and the length of the retained long fruit branches is 30 to 50 cm.
For the varieties with upright posture, the oblique branches and horizontal branches are mainly reserved, and some back branches can be properly retained on the tree; for the varieties with the open posture, the oblique branches are mainly reserved, and some horizontal branches can be properly reserved on the upper part of the tree. Leave a small amount of back branches in the lower part. The cultivation and renewal of the branch group is mainly carried out by the new shoots that droop and germinate at the base of the long branch. For peach trees that have been pruned with traditional short cuts, when using long branch pruning techniques, the method is the same as the above principles.
Response characteristics of long branch pruning:
1. The vegetative growth of the tree, especially the growth of the upper branches and outer branches, is easy to maintain the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth and the balance of the upper and lower forces of the tree.
2. The early leaf area is formed quickly, and the leaf area can be maintained at a high level throughout the growing season. Therefore, the saplings are easy to achieve early fruiting and early yield. Mature trees have high yields, good yield stability, and strong resistance to late frost. After long branches are pruned, the amount of flower buds is large, and it is easy to retain good quality flower buds in the middle of the branches. Therefore, the ability to resist natural disasters such as late frost is strengthened.
3. The leaf curtain of the tree body is small and serrated. The whole tree is mainly small branch group, basically no large and medium branch group, good ventilation and light conditions, early coloring of the fruit, good coloring, and high quality of fruit.
4. Save pruning labor. The amount of work required for winter pruning is 1 to 3 times less than that of traditional pruning. It is not necessary to perform summer cuts or only one summer cut for adult trees.
Points to note when applying long branch pruning:
1. Long branch pruning results are early, the tree vigor is gentle, the cultivation density should not be too large, and the row spacing should not be greater than 46 meters. In order to rapidly expand the crown of the 1-2 year old tree, all fruits should be removed. The 2-year-old section of the backbone branches is not easy to retain fruit during plastic surgery.
2. There are more flower buds left for pruning with long branches, so the flowers and fruits should be thinned in time and the load should be adjusted. Generally, for small and medium-sized fruit varieties, one fruit is left for every 25-30 cm, and 1 to 3 fruit for each long fruit branch. In addition, the upper part of the tree and the stronger fruit branches should retain more fruits; the lower part and the weaker fruit branches should retain less.
3. The long branch pruning method has high yield, large leaf area and large water transpiration. Compared with the traditional pruning method, the amount of fertilizer and water should be increased. Especially when the fruit is in full fruit period and the tree is declining, the fertilizer and water management should be strengthened.
4. The middle-long branch that bears fruit after being long-released must be retracted in time for pruning in the second year of winter, remove the front weak branch, and leave the base middle-long fruit branch to grow. Generally speaking, a fruiting branch should not be released slowly for years, otherwise it will cause the branch to weaken, die, or the branch axis is too long, which will affect the light. It is also necessary to balance the tree's vigor and adjust the density through the intensity of thinning and remaining branches.
5. Short cut is basically unnecessary for long-term pruning, but it does not mean that short cut is absolutely unnecessary. For example, saplings extend the branches and leave small prongs short; when there is a lack of branches and there is a large space, use the long branches or the nearby strong and prosperous branches to short cut, and let them grow after they are sent to make up for the space and expand the fruiting area.
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