As the saying goes, "winter shears cut trees, summer shears cut flowers." Some fruit farmers believe that peach trees have strong adaptability, lush foliage, and do not need to pay too much attention to pruning. In fact, the winter pruning of peach trees is an important agricultural technical measure in peach tree management. Through reasonable pruning, good tree structure can be cultivated and maintained, tree lighting conditions can be improved, the relationship between growth and results can be adjusted, and space can be used reasonably. To achieve early results, high yield, stable yield, high-quality production purposes.
"Three Basis" for Peach Tree Pruning in Winter
Determine the pruning plan and method according to the habits of the peach tree
1. Peach tree is a very positive tree species. Therefore, we must consider the lighting problem in pruning. No matter what tree shape is adopted, branches cannot cross, overlap and shade each other, and it is necessary to reach the light in the growing season.
2. The peach tree is the result of new branches. Therefore, in the pruning, the old branches that had bear peaches in the previous year must be removed. (A strong tree can leave a part, and a single branch can be used to remove the weak branches that bear fruit in the front. (New branches), leaving only the robust appearance of the spring that year, full flower buds 30-50 cm long, the thickness of chopsticks, the new branches that year will be the peach branch next year.
3. The peach tree has extremely strong polar growth, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of dead branches in the inner bore and the posterior branches of the backbone branches and the outward movement of the check points. Therefore, we must take more measures to suppress the front and the back, such as sparse to stay small, sparse old to stay new, sparse to stay before, sparse to stay and so on.
Determine different tree shapes based on different planting densities of peach trees
1. For high-density peach trees, a "stem shape" of 333 plants of 2 × 1 acres should be adopted. This tree management is the simplest, most convenient, and most productive.
2. The peach trees cultivated by Hengzhi were originally managed according to the happy tree structure on the back of the ground and the inner plane. If there is no cross-line or intersegment crossover, overlapping can be managed according to the single-layer plane happy tree mode. If cross-overlaps have occurred, you need to choose strong branches that sprout on the back of each main branch to support 1 or 2 small main branches during winter shearing. The distance between the small main branches should be more than 1 meter, and the height should be within 2 meters. The total number of small main branches of the whole tree can be around 6, making it from a single-layer plane to a "one main multi-stem shape".
3. Rarely cultivated peach trees should be maintained as long as they do not cross or overlap. But be sure to pay attention to the application of new branches 30 to 50 cm long, the resulting branches are not short.
Determine the amount of remaining branches based on different tree vigor
The medium-strength and strong peach tree grows, and the branches left after winter shears are folded into a 1-meter long peach branch, which can produce 1 kg of high-quality peach. According to this standard, a reasonable amount of remaining branches can be calculated during winter shearing according to the strength of the soil, the age of the tree and the size of the covered area. If the tree vigor is strong, the amount of remaining branches and yield can be slightly larger, and if the tree vigor is weak or young, and the coverage is less than 75%, the amount of remaining branches and yield can be less. (Yan Shuxia)
Happy-shaped peach tree winter scissors should pay attention to slow release
The purpose of the pruning of happy-shaped peach trees in winter is to balance the tree potential, branch potential, and pruning an appropriate number of fruiting branches through various pruning methods, so as to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light transmission, high yield and quality for years. The pruning method is mainly based on the slow-down pruning technique.
Main technical points
Treatment of the extended branch of the main branch (trunk): It is advisable to remove the autumn shoot (commonly known as the blind joint) when the head is extended at the young tree stage, and cut it at the full bud of the spring shoot. The adult tree depends on the length of the branch axis.
Fruit branch shearing density: The remaining fruit parts and quantity of the fruiting branches should be determined according to the tree age and tree vigor. The correct approach is to leave little or no fruit at the rear and tips of the branches. It is advisable to leave 6000 to 7000 branches per acre.
The angle of the fruit branches on the backbone branches: For tree-type upright varieties, the horizontal branches and oblique upper branches are mainly reserved at the base, and some dorsal and lower branches can be properly reserved at the upper part, especially for young trees of upright varieties, and more horizontal branches and Back shoots, and stay up to the tip; For open-type varieties, mainly oblique upper branches are kept at the base, and some horizontal branches can be properly reserved at the upper part.
Renewal of fruiting branches: The fruiting mother branch should be retracted to the strong branch at the base during winter shearing. This method is called single branch updating. If there are no newer branches available on some branches, new fruit branches extracted from the backbone branches near the base of the fruiting branch can be selected to replace the original fruiting branch from the base.
Several issues that should be noted
①The planting density of peach trees must be reasonable. Generally, the row spacing of the peach trees should be 2 ~ 2.5 meters × 3 ~ 4 meters. ② After the peach trees are trimmed slowly, the amount of flower buds left is relatively increased. Therefore, timely adjustment of the load of the tree body through artificial thinning of flowers and fruits is a prerequisite for obtaining high quality and high yield. ③ For weak trees and trees that cannot guarantee the continuous renewal of branches, it is necessary to strengthen water and fertilizer management and reduce the load. Restore the tree vigor; ④ For the big sawn left by the winter shears, apply the seal of Qixing Healing Agent in time to protect it. (Huang Qiming)
Peach tree winter shears are mainly short cut branches
Experts interviewed by this newspaper: Professor Gao Dongsheng, College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University
Intern reporter Ding Yifeng
Recently, on the issue of winter shears of peach trees, the reporter interviewed Gao Dongsheng, a professor at the College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University.
Short cut Gao Dongsheng told reporters that the peach tree winter shear should pay attention to short cut. Short cuts are mainly varieties with long fruiting branches. The tops of long fruit branches are generally fruitless, and there are many flower buds in the middle, so they are cut off, so about 1/3 of the branch length is cut. Among them, the weaker long fruit branches should be heavier and shorter; the vigorous ones should be lighter and shorter. If long fruit branches remain oblique or horizontal, erect or drooping branches should be thinned out. Older trees should be appropriately reserved with some upright branches. Short and medium branches are generally not short-cut except for dense thinning. In order to cultivate the regenerating shoots, the branches that grow stout and erect, have good light conditions, and are implanted at the apex of the side branches can be kept for about 15 cm for short cuts for regenerating shoot culture. The long branches that have been senescent for many years are shortened and renewed, so that they re-extract the growing branches to form medium and short fruit branches.
Shu Zhi Gao Dongsheng said that the general objects of sparse branches are young trees and vigorous trees. Among them, young trees are mainly thinly cut down branches, weak branches, competitive branches, and long branches. The secondary branches can also be used to expand the crown or promote it to become fruiting branches. The crown of the adult fruit tree has been shaped, and a combination of truncation and thinning can be adopted, mainly thinning dense branches, thin branches, overlapping branches, disease and insect branches, straight branches, and long branches.
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