Recommendation one: the bottom of the plow must be broken
Due to successive plantings and the use of rotary tillers and other machinery to turn the ground, a plow bottom was formed below the plough layer of about 25 cm. The humus in the bottom of the plough is significantly reduced, the volume is large, the total porosity is small and there are many capillary pores, which results in poor soil air permeability, poor water permeability, and difficulty in rooting. Due to the existence of the bottom layer of the plough, the various fertilizers applied are mostly concentrated in the soil of the plough layer of about 20 cm, which makes the plough layer soil eutrophic. Because water is difficult to penetrate below the bottom of the plow, and the capillary tube can easily lead the groundwater to carry more minerals to rise, it is easy to cause salinization.
Therefore, when changing stubble, deep turning can be performed by using a machine with a depth of more than 25 cm, such as plows, furrowers, deep turning machines, etc. Breaking the bottom of the plow allows the bottom fertilizer to be more evenly distributed, and the soil permeability is good for deep rooting. At the same time, it also avoids a lot of fertilization to make the soil surface eutrophic. When watering, it can carry more nutrients into the deep soil. On the one hand, it can guide the root system to grow downward.
Suggestion 2: Don't rely too much on potassium fertilizer
According to the soil testing in recent years, the potassium content in the soil is gradually increasing. At present, the potassium content in some greenhouse soils has exceeded the standard seriously, which is very unfavorable to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, for soils that have been found to have excessive potassium levels after testing, it is not appropriate to use potassium fertilizer.
Although potassium is beneficial to the fruit expansion of vegetables, it does not mean that the more potassium fertilizer, the faster the fruit expansion, the higher the yield, but it will also seriously reduce the yield. Exceeding the standard of potassium fertilizer seriously affects the movement and absorption of trace elements in the soil, such as calcium and magnesium ions. The soil type in the northern region is mainly calcareous soil. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, including in groundwater. Therefore, the soil is not deficient in calcium and magnesium ions, but vegetables are often caused by calcium and magnesium deficiency Rotten head, yellow head, umbilical rot, etc. This shows that the excess potassium in the soil has a great effect on calcium and magnesium.
It is suggested that vegetable farmers should not apply a large amount of potassium fertilizer if the potassium fertilizer exceeds the standard after soil testing. Instead, consider how to remove excess potassium from the soil or activate it so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the root system.
Recommendation 3: Use soil conditioners with caution
In many vegetable growing areas, soil conditioners are selling very hot, of course, this is inseparable from the propaganda of businessmen. The soil conditioner is mainly steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is an alkaline fertilizer, which has a good improvement effect on acidified soil, and can also add calcium and magnesium and other elements. So is it possible to use a soil conditioner for all the soil in the shed?
the answer is negative. The data show that the pH of the soil suitable for vegetable growth is mostly between 6.0-7.5. If the pH is less than 6, you need to use an appropriate alkaline fertilizer to adjust it. Most of the north is calcareous soil, and soil acidification does not generally occur when growing vegetables.
Therefore, the soil conditioner should be selected and used according to the actual situation of the soil. If alkaline fertilizers such as steel slag phosphate fertilizer are continuously used in calcareous soils showing weak alkalinity, soil alkalization will inevitably be caused. If excessive nitrogen fertilizers are used in alkaline soils, a large amount of ammonia gas will be easily generated, causing gas damage.
Recommendation 4: Manure application in furrow and acupoint
When the vegetables are changed, the best method of applying the bottom fertilizer is to use the whole shed and turn it over deeply, and there are still fertilization methods such as furrow application and hole application in many places. Furrow fertilization and hole fertilization have the advantages of nutrient concentration and long supply time, but attention should be paid to fertilization methods.
The first is where the fertilizer is applied. Furrow application and hole application of fertilizer should keep a certain distance from the root system. Do not use fertilizer directly below the root system. Although the nutrients are concentrated, it is not conducive to the root system. Secondly, the fertilizer used for furrow application and hole application should be selected. Manure must be thoroughly decomposed to avoid fermenting and decomposing the root system in the soil. Commodity organic fertilizer should choose a brand of excellent quality, so as not to choose a burnt tree of poor quality.
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