What should you pay attention to when applying vegetable base fertilizer in greenhouses?

Greenhouse vegetables have a high crop index, high yield, and large fertilizer requirements, while base fertilizer has a great impact on vegetable yield, quality, and soil properties. It is the most basic link in fertilization and is essential for the growth and development of vegetable crops. Therefore, the base fertilizer must be reasonably applied, and the following issues should be paid attention to when applying the base fertilizer:

First, determine the amount of fertilizer according to the target yield of vegetables

To determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the bottom of the greenhouse, the level of soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer required by vegetables must be considered. Generally, 30% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of phosphate fertilizer, and 50% of potassium fertilizer are used as the bottom fertilizer, and biological fertilizer and micro-fertilizer should be applied as much as possible at the same time. For example, the yield of autumn stubble tomatoes is generally 8000 to 9000 kg. Within this yield range, each kilogram of tomato produced needs to absorb 4.4 kg of nitrogen, 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 4.8 kg of potassium oxide. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1: 0.25. : 1.1, more calcium and boron are needed. The bottom fertilizer should be high-phosphorus fertilizer, and the low-phosphorus fertilizer should be selected for top application. The amount of base fertilizer is preferably 40-50 kg, and the general ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1: 1: 0.75; the top-up application amount is 75-85 kg, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1: 0.2: 0.85.

Second, make sure that the amount of organic fertilizer is sufficient

Organic fertilizer (including farm manure, manure fertilizer and cake fertilizer) is the most suitable for the bottom fertilizer application. For the old greenhouses with higher soil fertility, more biological organic fertilizer should be applied as the bottom fertilizer. To keep the soil fertility and organic matter in the shed from falling or slightly increasing, it is necessary to add organic fertilizer to the shed soil. Calculate according to the change law of soil organic matter in the greenhouse and the principle of the highest yield when the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1: 0.4 ~ 1. It is necessary to keep the organic matter in the greenhouse soil above 2% to ensure a high yield. An organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of 30% should not be less than 2000 kg / mu.

3. Determine the application method of base fertilizer according to the weather and growth characteristics

When applying the bottom fertilizer, a large volume of crude organic fertilizer such as rotten soil miscellaneous fertilizer and manure should be mainly used, and the amount of 6-8 cubic meters per acre is used to increase soil organic matter and carbon material. The dosage is 100 ～ 150 kg) and 75 ～ 100 kg of slow-release potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Controlled release fertilizer is used to regulate the release rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the bottom fertilizer, to avoid high temperature and long-term growth, and to prevent root diseases. After fruit setting, the elemental fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is flushed with water in portions.

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