Soilless cultivation of golden bergamot is a successful cultivation technique in recent years. It uses natural substrates (such as broken straw, sawdust, peat, mud carbon, sand, etc.) or artificial substrates (such as rock wool, perlite, etc.) instead of soil. Even without using any substrate, the nutrient solution is used to directly soak and spray the roots of the plants, which is also called nutrient solution cultivation. The soilless cultivation of golden bergamot can be completely separated from the soil. Compared with traditional soil cultivation, it has obvious advantages and has a very attractive and broad development prospect. However, in addition to the advantages and potentials of the soilless cultivation of golden bergamot, it also has some disadvantages. If soilless cultivation requires a certain protective facility management, it also includes matrix selection and nutrient solution preparation. In addition, it involves various physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of different substrates, and the ratio of chemical elements in nutrient solution is much more complicated than traditional soil cultivation, so it is difficult for farmers to fully grasp and use them. Fortunately, Jinhua Jinlin Bergamot Development Co., Ltd. has successfully developed an “organic ecological soilless cultivation technologyâ€. This technology has the advantage of soilless cultivation, but it is simple and practical, that is, it is guaranteed to play no Under the premise of soil cultivation advantages, simplifying production technology, reducing production costs, and facilitating the promotion and application can be successfully carried out according to the technical methods provided by Jinlin Bergamot.
(1) Advantages of soilless cultivation
1. Without land restrictions, soilless cultivation has changed the traditional concept of relying on land survival and the way of soil cultivation in “everything in the earthâ€. In areas where it is not suitable for cultivation, such as sandstone and barren land, crops can be cultivated. This can not only create economic benefits, but also beautify the environment and purify the air.
2. Low labor intensity, reduced water and fertilizer use. Soilless cultivation does not require cumbersome links such as cultivating, weeding, soil disinfection, and topdressing in traditional farming. The scale of unit labor management can be greatly increased, and labor intensity is significantly reduced.
3. Pests and diseases are significantly reduced. Soilless cultivation can prevent the occurrence of various malignant diseases transmitted by soil-borne pathogens, cutting off a more important channel for transmission of pests and diseases. In addition, due to artificially improving the rhizosphere microenvironment and promoting plant growth, It enhances its own disease resistance and avoids the phenomenon of soil salinization and heavy yield reduction caused by salt accumulation and continuous cropping in soil cultivation.
4. High quality and high yield, all kinds of environmental factors can be artificially better controlled. Therefore, it is possible to better coordinate the relationship between the aboveground and underground, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants, and to easily exert the potential of high yield. Production and test proved that soilless cultivation not only improved the yield, but also significantly promoted the growth speed of the Golden Buddha hand. The appearance quality and physical and chemical properties of the product also improved to varying degrees.
5. Facilitate factory production, soilless cultivation fully shows that agriculture can be mechanized and automated to produce crops like industrial production, and artificially controlled plant growth.
(2) Advantages of soilless cultivation of golden bergamot
1. The production cycle is short, one year earlier than the conventional soil-planting Buddha hand; the product profit is very high, which is four times the value of the conventional soil-cultivating bergamot; the output per unit area is high, which is four times the output of the conventional soil-cultivating bergamot.
2. Easy to carry, easy to pack; uniquely ornamental, bright and dazzling after decoration, and can add some auspicious words to embellish, (eg: two fruit bergamot bonsai can hang a card or flower pot with "Fushou Shuangquan" "Dragon and Phoenix Present" and other words, three fruits "three yuan and the first" "Samsung Gaozhao", four fruits "Fu Lu Shou Xi" "four seasons fortune", five fruits "five blessings", "five blessing Qitian", etc. Auspicious).
3. The fresh-keeping period is 8-10 months longer than that of the soil-planted bergamot, because the tree of the soilless cultivated bergamot itself is vegetatively growing, and the very sapling seedlings, together with the “kinesin†before transportation. 6-BA" can prevent the production of harmful substances during transportation, promote the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, and if necessary, turn yellow fruits into green.
4. Lightweight, weighing only one-fifth of the soil (the same volume). The transportation cost is low, and the same transportation means can carry five times the quantity of goods shipped.
5. Green pollution-free, no fruit and no leaves, suitable for desktop decoration in homes and elegant places. It means "good fortune, lucky fortune"!
(3) Organic ecological soilless culture
Through continuous trial and exploration, Jinhua Jinlin Bergamot Development Co., Ltd. has successfully developed a set of soilless cultivation management technology that is very simple and economical and meets the standards of green products. The company calls it “organic ecological soilless cultivation technologyâ€. . The technology greatly reduces the production cost of the Golden Buddha bonsai, improves the commercialization degree of the product, reduces the labor intensity, and improves the output value per unit area. It is the most ideal cultivation mode for the soilless cultivation of the Golden Buddha. “Organic ecological soilless cultivation†refers to a soilless cultivation technique that uses a substrate instead of natural soil and is not watered by nutrient solution. It only needs to be watered and added with some fertilizer to obtain better yield. Because soilless cultivation of nutrient solution requires high cultivation technology and large economic investment, it is difficult to promote it in large areas in ordinary farmers; while organic ecological soilless cultivation has simple operation and energy saving compared with soilless cultivation of nutrient solution. Advantages such as labor saving and environmental protection can be promoted in large areas in rural areas.
1. Simple operation
Traditional soilless cultivation requires a nutrient solution composed of various nutrients for plant absorption and utilization, and the technical requirements are strict. The organic ecological soilless culture uses organic matter as the main component for plant absorption and utilization, not only the nutrient elements are complete, but also the trace elements can fully satisfy the supply. Therefore, the supply and balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be mainly considered in fertilization, and the proportion of various elements in fertilization should not be strictly considered. For example, the application of urea requires only knowing the traditional topdressing technology, and it does not require the traditional work of deep-turning the land.
2. Replace the general nutrient solution with organic solid fertilizer
Traditional soilless culture is a certain concentration of nutrient solution prepared by various inorganic fertilizers for plant absorption and utilization to meet the needs of its growth and development. “Organic ecological soilless cultivation†is a mixture of various organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers directly mixed into the matrix to supply the nutrients needed for the cultivation of crops. If the nutrition is insufficient during the growth of the crops, the fertilizers can be applied in stages. On the surface of the substrate.
3. Less work, lower quality requirements for employees
The operation process of organic ecological soilless cultivation is very similar to that of general greenhouse cultivation, and the application of drip irrigation system requires only pouring water, less topdressing, and simple management, which can be completed by ordinary personnel. However, soil-free cultivation of nutrient solution requires regular preparation of nutrient solution. The elements used and the concentration of use are very strict. It needs to be completed by people with a certain level of culture, and the use period of nutrient solution is short. Every time it is used, it must be disinfected, and because of daily Need to supply liquid, so can not be powered off.
4. Energy saving, fertilizer saving, and can greatly reduce facility investment
The “organic ecological soilless cultivation†watering is the same as the general drip irrigation cultivation, and because there is a large amount of organic fertilizer in the matrix, the number and number of top dressings are small, and the fertilizer used is also a common compound fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Moreover, "organic ecological soilless cultivation" does not require a circulation pump, a timer, a preparation device, various large amounts and trace elements, test equipment, and the like for use in nutrient solution cultivation. It greatly reduces the initial production investment and is suitable for general solar greenhouse cultivation.
5. No environmental pollution, the product can reach the green food standard
The waste liquid not used in the nutrient solution soilless culture should be discharged to the outside. Even if it is used for field dressing, it will pollute the environment due to the large amount of nitrate after long-term use. The organic ecological soilless culture uses less fertilizer and does not pollute the environment. Due to the large use of fermented organic fertilizer, the fertilizer does not use nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, and the content of nitrate in the product is extremely low, so that the product has reached the A-level green food standard. If you do not use fertilizer, you can also achieve AA green food standards.
6. Easy to promote
Although nutrient-free soilless cultivation represents the level of technological development, its high cost and cost, as well as high labor quality, are not achieved by ordinary growers, and there are still problems that cannot be completely disinfected. However, there is no such problem in "organic ecological soilless cultivation". It has the advantages of low investment, simple operation, high quality and high yield, and the combination of organic agriculture and soilless cultivation. Generally, farmers can produce, which is more suitable for China. The national conditions, but also mass production, and thus have a broad development prospects. With the increasing living standards of the people, the demand for non-polluting and non-residual green food will inevitably increase, and with the adjustment of the market economy, green food will become the trend of the times.
(4) Management of organic ecological soilless culture techniques
The production process of the “organic ecological soilless cultivation†Golden Buddha bonsai is basically similar to that of the traditional Golden Buddha hand planting. Some production steps can refer to the “Golden Buddha Hand Traditional Potting Techniqueâ€.
Set time
The “organic ecological soilless cultivation†potting transplanting time is consistent with the traditional potted potting time, and it is most suitable for transplanting before and after the Ching Ming Festival and around August of autumn.
2. Flower pot selection
"Organic ecological soilless cultivation" can use a variety of common flower pots. In order to reduce the one-time input cost of the previous period, the company uses light and cheap black plastic nutrition to temporarily cultivate flower pots. In the second year, after the soilless cultivation of the Golden Buddha Hand Seedlings has been cultivated into a terracotta bonsai, you can replace all kinds of beautiful flowerpots according to the customer's requirements.
3. Selection of soilless culture substrate
"Organic ecological soilless cultivation" Golden Buddha bonsai cultivation substrate can be selected from sawdust, peat, sand, rock wool, coco, perlite, etc. Jinlin bergamot company selected three more suitable for buddha growth after long-term comparative test The matrix formulation is classified as a simple perlite matrix, a 2:1 mixed matrix of perlite and coco peat, and a 1:2 mixed matrix of perlite and peat.
4. Potted transplanting
“Organic ecological soilless cultivation†uses nutrient glutinous rice as a cultivation pot, and a 20×20cm plastic sand cloth mesh is used as a strainer, which is laid on the bottom of the nutrient bowl, and then layered with a soilless culture substrate, about two centimeters. The sand cloth net acts as a drainage filter. Before the transplanting of the golden Buddha hand seedlings, according to the self-examination and horticultural bonsai method, the top of the main stem of the plant can be cut off (about 1/3 of the whole plant), leaving a trunk of 20-25 cm. The purpose is to induce lateral buds, promote the development of the surrounding, and enhance the tree crown. At the same time, it reduces water evaporation, which is conducive to plant survival. It is worth noting that the golden Buddha hand seedlings must keep the roots (roots) moist during the whole planting process. The golden Buddha hands are easy to be necrotic when they are dry. They should always spray water and cover with wet materials.
When the basin is set, the root of the golden bergamot seedling can be soaked for 3 to 5 seconds by quick-dipping method with rooting powder (according to the concentration provided by the supplier), then placed on the substrate in the basin, and the root must be taken care of. The layers are placed so that the matrix is ​​sufficiently filled between the gaps of the buddha tree. Generally, the substrate is 7cm away from the mouth of the flower pot, and the rhizome and the culture soil should be kept flush. (See picture).
5. Shaping and trimming
The soilless cultivation bergamot is the same as the traditional cultivation bergamot pruning method. For the specific operation, please refer to "Chapter 6 Golden Buddha Hand Maintenance and Management".
6. Scientific watering
After the transplanting of the golden Buddha hand seedlings soilless cultivation pots, it must be watered and poured to make the roots of the seedlings closely adhere to the matrix. Because the matrix is ​​light and the buoyancy is large, pay attention when watering. Spray it with a watering can and do not pour it. Otherwise, the substrate will be washed out of the basin or the surface of the substrate will be punched out of the hole. If the condition can be installed according to the drip irrigation system, the cost is not too high, which can greatly reduce the labor intensity. The watering time can be carried out according to experience. Keeping the substrate dry and wet is beneficial to the growth of bergamot. It feels that the soil-free substrate is 80% dry, and the weight of the bergamot soil is light. At this time, it can be watered. The soilless culture substrate has strong water retention and gas permeability, so excessive moisture will not cause much harm. Conditional drip irrigation system (pictured)
7. Pot display
After the cultivation of soilless bergamot buds, it should be placed in an orderly manner. If there are conditions, a culture frame can be set up in the bergamot garden. The culture frame can be made of galvanized pipe and steel wire mesh or cement brick and stone wool tile. The general culture frame is 30 to 50 cm high and 120 to 140 cm wide for one row. The culture frame can be placed in a soil-free cultivation of bergamot bonsai 30 pots (pictured).
8. Reasonable fertilization
Because “organic ecological soilless cultivation†does not use nutrient solution, it breaks through the traditional concept that nutrient solution must be used in soilless cultivation, making the most difficult key technology in soilless cultivation the easiest in the production process of bergamot bonsai. One technology is to replace the nutrient solution with solid fertilizer, so that all the equipment, test systems, timers, circulating pumps and other facilities needed to prepare the nutrient solution can be eliminated. The fertilizer cost is reduced by 70% to 90% compared to the use of nutrient solution.
After the soilless culture seedlings are planted and watered, 25 kinds of imported compound fertilizer can be put on immediately. After that, the compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days or so. The fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of the substrate, and can be infiltrated into the substrate with drip irrigation or watering. Usually observe the growth of bergamot seedlings, and can lengthen or shorten the fertilization time as needed. If the buddha saplings are found to be prosperous and lack trace elements, some foliar fertilizers and trace element fertilizers can be sprayed. Foliar fertilizers are generally selected from rare earth compound fertilizer, spray green, spray Shibao, Yemianbao, and green Fenwei. No. 2, No. 2, etc., the newly-marketed foliar fertilizer must be used in a large area after a small area test to prevent phytotoxicity; the trace element fertilizer is generally selected from the sulfuric acid type, which can increase the utilization rate of bergamot fertilizer, according to In the absence of trace element types, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, etc. may be used.
9. Pest control
Since the soilless culture substrate contains no pathogens and eggs, the pests and diseases are relatively small. However, pests and diseases will also occur due to infection. For specific prevention and treatment, refer to "Chapter 6: Maintenance and Management of Golden Buddha Hands".
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