High-efficiency planting technology and pest control measures in greenhouse
Nowadays, greenhouse cultivation is very popular, and the economic benefits brought to farmers' friends are also relatively high. Today, the greenhouse cultivation technology we are going to talk about is cucumber. Let's talk about the cultivation status and planting points of cucumber in greenhouse.
1 Current situation of cucumber cultivation in greenhouse
Different from open-air planting, cucumber cultivation in greenhouses has higher requirements for planting techniques and field management. However, in many greenhouses where cucumbers are grown in China, growers are not skilled in planting techniques. Field management still regards experience as the mainstay, and the advantages of greenhouse cultivation are difficult to play. The greenhouse cultivation technology requires more cost and time, and the greenhouse environment is not only suitable for cucumber growth, but also suitable for the growth of pests and weeds. Due to the lack of planting techniques, in order to reduce cost losses and improve the economic benefits of greenhouse cucumber cultivation, growers rely on a large number of drugs to prevent and control Diseases, weeds, relying on drugs to produce cucumbers, increase production. In the end, it harms people's health.
2 Brief introduction of cucumber planting technology in greenhouse
2.1 Selection
Planting cucumbers in greenhouses, due to the obvious differences in the environment of different regions, the geological conditions are not the same. Therefore, during the selection period, the growers should choose the local environment and the greenhouse growth in strict accordance with the local geological environment and natural conditions. For varieties with high temperature resistance, strong disease resistance, high yield and fast growth rate, if the growers do not know enough about cucumber varieties, they can directly consult the local agricultural station. Avoid the introduction of new varieties in some areas, and obtain higher returns, blindly believe that the variety, note: "Orange is Huainan is orange, orange is Huaibei is æž³."
2.2 drying seeds
After the growers choose the appropriate variety, the seeds should be treated to increase the germination rate of the seeds. First, soak the seeds in warm water, the water temperature is between 50-60 °C, and the soaking time is about 5h. Secondly, the seeds can be sterilized by soaking seeds with 0.1% carbendazim hydrochloride solution, soaked for 1 hour, then immersed in clear water for 4 hours to avoid seed carrying bacteria and increase seed germination rate. Finally, in order to avoid excessive water loss, the embryos and cotyledons are deformed, resulting in deformed seedlings, which can be used indoors at around 27 °C.
2.3 Preparing the seedbed
In order to improve the emergence rate of cucumber and the stoutness of seedlings, it is essential to prepare a nutrient-rich seedbed. The growers should choose the land suitable for the growth of melon vegetables, according to the area of ​​the seedbed, mix and apply appropriate organic fertilizer compost, ensure the wetness and temperature of the seedbed, and improve the quality of cucumber seedlings.
2.4 Site preparation and transplanting
Before the seedlings are transplanted, the growers should renovate the land in the greenhouse. First, apply 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium as the base fertilizer per mu, to improve the soil fertility. Secondly, the land is turned over, the bottom fertilizer is turned into the soil to avoid the loss of fertility, the soil is smooth, the soil is fine, the transplant is easy, and the survival rate of the seedling is improved. When the seedlings grow to the second leaf and one heart in the seedbed, the seedlings are treated with ethephon to increase the number of female flowers in the seedlings and increase the yield of the cucumber. When the seedlings grow to the heart of the three leaves, choose sunny weather, divide the cucumber seedlings into large, medium and small, and transport them to the fixed value ridge. The seedlings are planted in the central part of the greenhouse, and the seedlings are planted in the front and east and west sides of the greenhouse. The medium seedlings are planted in the middle of the two to ensure the future uniformity of the seedlings. When the seedlings are planted, the seedlings are planted on the ridges according to the prescribed plant spacing, and then watered by ditch, soil and seedlings are promoted, and the new roots of cucumber seedlings are promoted to grow rapidly.
2.5 Field Management
After planting, the growers should strictly control the temperature of the greenhouse. The temperature in the morning is kept at around 30 °C. The temperature in the afternoon shed is kept at around 20-25 °C. The temperature in the shed is maintained at 16-17 °C in the middle of the night. The temperature can be 11-13 ° C. Temperature regulation uses natural ventilation for temperature regulation to increase oxygen levels in the greenhouse.
After the cucumber seedlings grow to 2-4 leaves, the first cultivating management is carried out, 5-6 times, and the ploughing depth is between 20-25 cm, which promotes the formation of deep roots of cucumber seedlings, ensuring high yield and stable yield of cucumber. When the cucumber seedlings in the greenhouse grow to 4-6 leaves, the second cultivating management is carried out, and the ploughing depth can be 10-15 cm.
The formation of roots in melon seedlings. When the cucumber seedlings grow to 8-12 leaves, stop cultivating, so as to ensure the deep, medium and superficial roots of cucumber seedlings, increase the robustness of cucumber seedlings and increase the yield of cucumber. At this time, the cucumber seedlings can be hanged, and the bamboo sticks are inserted at a space of 1.5-2.0 m on the side of the car. Each seedling is 10 cm apart, a straight line is drawn along the ridge direction, and a line is hung on each side of the cucumber. During the hanging vines, the movements should be light, and the lower diseased leaves, yellow leaves, male flowers, deformed melons, and melons should be removed to ensure the quality of the cucumber.
3 The occurrence and prevention of pests and diseases
3.1 rickets
The disease is also known as the inverted seedling and the mildew. When the fruit is infected by the fungus of the genus Clostridium, or infected by Pythium, Phytophthora, etc., the disease may occur, resulting in the seedlings not standing. even death. The squatting disease mostly occurs on the nursery bed, and the symptoms are rotten seeds, dead seedlings, and tripping. Agricultural control: choose high ground, low groundwater level, good drainage and shelter from wind and sun, and strengthen seedbed management. Drug control: When the seedlings are infected, use high-efficiency non-toxic fungicides, such as: 80% of the concentration of 80% of Dasheng M-45 mixed with 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid according to the ratio of 1:1, continuous spraying 2 -3 weeks, effective prevention and treatment of rickets.
3.2 Whitefly
Whitefly is an important pest for planting crops in greenhouses and is a worldwide pest. The whitefly has a sucking mouth device and feeds on the plant juice. If the cucumber in the greenhouse is harmed by the whitefly, the leaves gradually turn yellow and wilting. In severe cases, the cucumber plants all die. Moreover, whitefly has strong fertility and rapid reproduction, and the honey liquid secreted by it directly pollutes the fruit, causing coal pollution, and the contaminated cucumber directly loses market value. Control method: Applying a concentration of 2.5% of Uranus 3000 times solution, and mixing the concentration of 1.8% avermectin 1500 times solution to spray the cucumber leaf surface. In addition, the growers can also use the yellow board to trap and introduce the natural enemies, such as the bee, to control the whitefly, and ensure the yield and quality of cucumber in the greenhouse.
Note that during the greenhouse cultivation of cucumbers, pest control should be based on prevention, supplemented by treatment, and field management in the early stage to effectively reduce pests and diseases. When pests and diseases occur, timely discover and control, improve cucumber yield and quality, and improve the economic benefits of growers. .
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