High-yield and high-quality cultivation technology of southern mustard

With the development of sauerkraut industrial processing technology, it has gradually become one of the key products. However, due to the short planting time of farmers and insufficient cultivation experience, problems such as low raw material yield, poor quality, and serious pests and diseases are common. A comparative analysis of large-scale production of mustard in 2005 showed that the use of plastic mulching technology with seedling tray seedlings yielded 6000 kg per 667 square meters, and the economic benefits were considerable. Now its high-yield cultivation technology is introduced as follows.

1Choose good varieties

Choose disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, good-commodity, and suitable for processing. In recent years, the varieties with a relatively large planting area in this region mainly include Chaoshan big meat heart mustard and Dapingpu big meat heart mustard.

2 cultivate strong seedlings

2.1 Time selection

The big mustard mustard has a cold weather and is not resistant to extreme heat. The growth temperature is about 20 ° C, and the leaf ball formation is 10-25 ° C. * The planting time is from the end of September to the beginning of October. Because of the sowing around the National Day and the planting at the end of October, the temperature is still high at this time, which is conducive to growth. From the end of November to the middle of December, the season is in light snow and heavy snow. The temperature is low. It is very beneficial to the encrusting of mustard. At the same time, the temperature is low, and the incidence of soft rot and downy mildew is less. The pesticide application is reduced and the pesticide residue in vegetables is reduced.

2.2 Prepare nutrient soil

Prepare nutrient soil 1-2 months before sowing. To plant 667 square meters of land, 1500 kg of cooked pond mud and 200 kg of decomposed pig manure should be prepared, and at the same time, 2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) should be applied, and then sprayed with dexamethasone on the mud surface and sealed with a film for future use. 53-hole special seedling trays for seedling trays.

2.3 Site preparation

Rake the selected plots, lay seedling trays, fill them with nutrient soil, and sow 2-3 seeds per hole to ensure that the whole seedlings are covered with a sunshade net and sprinkled with water. It is advisable to soak the soil. After 3 days, the net will be opened.

2.4 Seedling management

Because the seedlings are cultivated with seedling trays, the mustard seedlings must be kept strictly moist at the seedling stage. In the event of autumn drought, water is required to be sprayed in the evening, and 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution is sprayed once in 3-4 days to prevent beetle damage. One week later, the seedlings were replenished, and only 1 seedling was left in each hole. After the seedlings were drenched with dilute dung water once, some urea could be added in an appropriate amount. After every 1 week, the mustard was sprayed once, and the mustard seedling period was 20-28 days, during which the spraying frequency was determined depending on the mustard pest situation. Before the colonization *, the drug was applied once and the virus K was sprayed once.

3 Transplant in time, reasonably close planting

Generally, 20-25 days after sowing, 4-6 leaves of mustard are suitable for transplanting. It is advisable to plant all of them before the harvest of autumn rice, which does not affect agricultural work, and the growth of mustard is also the * period.

Plow the field before planting. 667 square meters of 2500 kg of cooked organic fertilizer (if no organic fertilizer, 100 kg of microbial organic fertilizer should be applied), imported Norwegian compound fertilizer 50 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 50 kg as the base fertilizer, harrow flat, lifting, wide surface 1m, ditch width 0.2m, covering mulch, mulch width 1m, planting distance 30cm, row spacing 40cm, 667 square meters, planting about 4,200 plants, in order to ensure strong seedlings, strictly remove diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and so on. After planting, drench the root water, drench the water on the second and third days, and replenish the seedlings to ensure the whole seedlings. On the 4th day, you can furrow irrigation and drip seedlings once to ensure that the vegetable field is moist.

4 Management after colonization

One week after the planting, the mustard should be leached with urea water extract seedlings in time after the growth resumes, and once every other week, the concentration should be 0.2% -0.3%. Into the vigorous growth period, proper irrigation is required. The irrigation method is ditch irrigation, that is, the row trench is filled with water, and the water is absorbed by the osmosis of the water surface. It is filled with 1 row and then 1 row, or 2-3 rows at a time. This irrigation method has the following advantages: â‘  ensure that the vegetable field is loose Conducive to root growth. â‘¡ Reduce the chance of cloudy water contacting mustard leaves to ensure photosynthesis. â‘¢ Reduce the damage to leaf surface during watering, effectively reduce the incidence of mustard mosaic disease (more than 70% less than that without cover film), and ensure the quality of mustard. The number of irrigations should not be too much, and it should not be too small. Generally, the irrigation is performed once every 7-10 days, and once every 10-12 days in the middle and late days, which is determined by the degree of drought and drought.

5 Pest control

During seedling growth and field growth, attention should be paid to controlling diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera frugiperda, vegetable aphid, soft rot and downy mildew. In particular, diseases in the field must be based on prevention and combined with prevention. Fertilize once and control once after planting. The key to control is within 30 days after planting. The pesticide can be selected from insecticidal, phoxim, dichlorvos, agricultural streptomycin for soft rot prevention, cabbage soft rot, carbendazim and the like. In addition, the effect of spraying and adding foliar fertilizer such as Yeba and Yunda 120 is obvious. To ensure the quality of mustard, stop irrigation and stop using medicine 20 days before harvest.

6 timely harvest

Prompt harvesting is the key to growing high quality mustard. Generally, the mustard is harvested about 80 days after planting, with a small amount of yellow on the leaf surface, compact bulbs, and the leaf bulbs have fully grown. When there is no burst, there is no flowering phenomenon. * It affects the yield too early. Delay affects quality. Harvesting takes place in the morning on a sunny day. The root is cut with a knife, flattened, yellow leaves and rotten leaves are removed, and placed on the noodles. After 1 day of wind and sun exposure, the outer leaves are soft and then bagged into the factory.

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