Breakthrough in stem cell research: reprogramming without genetic modification

Release date: 2017-03-20

Induced pluripotent stem cells are a landmark innovation in the international life sciences, requiring the reprogramming of somatic cells to stem cells through the expression of specific genes. However, an article published on Stem Cell on March 16 reported that a team from the University of Buffalo in the United States has shown that adult skin cells can be transformed into neural crest cells (a type of stem cells) without genetic modification. These stem cells can be produced. Other cells present in the spinal cord and brain.

This study suggests that human epidermal keratinocytes can be reprogrammed into neural crest cells in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling. The reprogrammed neural crest cells can be smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, Schwann cells or neurons.

Keratinocyte-derived neural crest stem cells have been transformed into neurons

The practical implications may be very important, from studying genetic diseases to producing possible regenerative therapies from the patient's own cells.

Corresponding author Stelios T. Andreadis said: "This has great potential in medical applications because you only need a skin biopsy. We can culture cells and reprogram them in large quantities without genetic modification. Therefore, from the patient's autologous cells It can be used to treat destructive neurogenic diseases, and the current treatment of this disease is hampered by the lack of readily available cell sources."

At the same time, the process can also be used to simulate disease. Skin cells from the body of patients with neurological hereditary diseases can be reprogrammed into neural crest cells. The chromosomes of these cells contain some disease-inducing mutations, but the genes that induce mutation may be It is not expressed in the skin. When the cells differentiate into neural crest cell lines (such as neuronal cells or progenitor cells), these genes seem to be expressed, which can help researchers study human diseases in culture dishes.

Source: Bio-Exploration

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