Transcranial magnetic stimulation illuminates hope for patients with memory impairment
Release date: 2014-09-03
A new study at Northwestern University School of Medicine in Chicago showed that this stimulus stimulates memory by using non-invasive magnetic pulse currents to stimulate specific areas of the brain, transcranial magnetic stimulation. The study will be published in the journal Science on August 29.
This finding opens up a new and promising field for the treatment of memory impairment and memory impairment caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest and aging.
Joel Voss, an assistant professor of medical social sciences at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, said: "We are demonstrating for the first time that we can specifically change the memory function of the adult brain without the need for surgery and drugs, but This cannot be proven effective. This non-invasive stimulus can improve the ability to learn new things. It has great potential in treating memory disorders."
This study is the first to explain that remembering things requires that many areas of the brain cooperate with the hippocampus, a key area of ​​memory, just like a symphony orchestra. Electrical stimulation is equivalent to giving a better conductor to the brain area so that they can play a more harmonious symphony.
Joel Voss said: "It's like we replaced a very mediocre conductor with Riccardo Muti, the famous symphony conductor in Chicago. The symphony orchestra will perform better, using the stimulus. After that, all areas of our brain will work better together."
This method also has great potential in the treatment of mental illness, such as schizophrenia, which is in sync with the hippocampus in other areas of the brain, affecting memory and cognitive mental illness.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve memory
The subject of Northern Medicine proved for the first time that transcranial magnetic stimulation can still improve memory after a long time of treatment. In the past, transcranial magnetic stimulation only temporarily changed brain function and improved memory during the test, for example, allowing the subject to press the button faster after receiving the stimulus. The study showed that transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve memory for at least 24 hours after stimulation.
Find the best stimulus
It is not possible to directly stimulate the hippocampus with transcranial magnetic stimulation because the hippocampus is deep in the brain and the magnetic field is difficult to penetrate. So Voss and his colleagues used MRI scans to find a superficial brain region that was only a few centimeters from the skull, which is highly correlated with the hippocampus. He wondered if stimulating this would stimulate the hippocampus and the result would be positive.
Voss said: "It is still very exciting to find a point where the stimulation is so special."
When using the transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate the optimal point, the synchrony of the various parts of the brain, including the hippocampus, is getting better and better. Just like the data provided by the subjects in the MRI machine, the records of these blood flows can be Indirect as a measure of neural activity.
Stimulating more and more areas of the brain to work together will make it easier for people to learn new things.
How is the research carried out?
The scientists recruited 16 healthy adults between the ages of 21 and 40. Everyone was quietly lying on the MRI machine, recording ten minutes of brain activity and detailed anatomical images of their brains. To do this, the researchers wanted to identify each person's brain structure network, including memory and good connections to the hippocampus. Everyone's brain structure has some subtle differences, and the location will vary by a few centimeters.
Voss said: "In order to better stimulate the target, we must determine the brain space of each person, because people's brains vary widely."
Each participant is required to undergo a memory test, such as asking participants to learn and remember faces and words that are not permanently associated. After assessing their underlying memory, participants will receive brain stimulation for 20 minutes per day for five consecutive days.
During the week of the experiment, they also undergo an MRI scan and will be tested for new unstructured faces and words to observe changes in their memory after receiving the stimulus. Then, after at least 24 hours after the final stimulation, the test was again performed.
At least a week later, the new experiment will continue, but this time a placebo will be used instead of the stimulus. In this study, participants were divided into two groups on average. The actual stimulation and placebo use were not the same in the two groups, and participants were blinded to the stimulus or placebo.
Both groups performed better in the memory test after brain stimulation. Participant memory improvement requires 3 days of stimulation.
Voss said: "Participants will remember more face-word combinations than before, which means their learning ability has improved. This change did not appear in other control trials of placebo combination."
In addition, NMR shows that stimulation can make the operation between the various regions of the brain and between the hippocampus more synchronized. The more synchronization and the improved connectivity of the two specific parts, the better the participants will perform in the memory test. Voss said: "After the stimulation, the more brain areas cooperate, the participants will learn more face-word combinations."
The well-known author, Jane Wang, a postdoctoral researcher at the Voss Laboratory at Feinberg Medical School, believes that there are many benefits to using transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate memory. Wang said: "No drug can act on a specific part of the memory network like transcranial magnetic stimulation. They have many different goals, but finding a receptor that involves memory is not easy."
prospect
Voss said: "This research opens up new areas for the treatment of memory. We will try to improve the memory function of the human body and bring the gospel to those who need memory improvement."
His current research is aimed at people with normal memory, and he does not expect much improvement in these people because their brains are already very efficient.
Voss said: "But for people with brain damage and memory impairment, their brain network is destroyed. For them, even small changes may greatly improve brain function."
In the upcoming trial, Voss will study the effects of current stimulation on patients with early amnesia.
Finally, Voss warned that "the long-term experiment is needed to determine whether the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation is safe and effective for Alzheimer's patients and memory disorders."
Source: Shell Network
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