The supply time of watermelon can be adjusted by means of cultivation (such as early spring, late autumn, protected cultivation) and transfer from north to south. The refrigeration and preservation technology of watermelon machinery is also an effective method to solve the market supply and increase economic efficiency.
The use of a modern and small cold storage, in a good insulated building warehouse, equipped with mechanical refrigeration equipment, according to the storage characteristics of watermelon, artificial adjustment and control of temperature and humidity in the storage environment and gas composition, in order to extend the preservation period of watermelon. For example, Harvest No. 1 and late-maturing late-maturing varieties such as disease-resistant black giant larvae can be stored for 20-60 days, their commodity performance is good, and the benefits are considerable. Specific operating procedures are described as follows:
I. Selection of watermelon varieties
Different varieties of watermelon, its organizational structure and chemical composition vary. The tissue structure and chemical composition of the same watermelon variety were significantly changed due to the influence of growth environment factors. For storage of fresh watermelon, middle and late-maturing resistant collections should be selected. The sugar content is high, the flavor is good, the color is bright, and the melon vines and fruit surfaces are free of pests and diseases.
Second, watermelon harvesting requirements
1. Maturity selection The ripening period of watermelon is closely related to the variety, seeding period and accumulated temperature after fruit set. The same variety, the maturity of each year is not the same. To determine the maturity of harvesting, it is best to use the non-invasive melon and fruit analyzer. The center line of the probe of the analyzer is aligned with the center point of the fruit. The melon is smaller than 8 degrees and the melon is larger than 8 degrees. Fresh watermelon used for cold storage should be selected 8 mature melon. Due to the full maturity of the watermelon tissue, it is easy to damage, affect the quality of storage, resulting in emptying of the fruit, eating soft, odorless, and even rot.
2. Harvesting methods Harvesting in the evening will help reduce product temperature. When picking, leave 5cm shoots on the upper end of the cucurbit to reduce water evaporation and wound infection.
Three, watermelon cold
Pre-cooling means that the product temperature of the watermelon is cooled to the prescribed temperature range as soon as possible before entering the cold storage, and its original quality is better maintained. The simplest method of pre-cooling is to pile up in the fields after picking, use night low-temperature pre-cooling, and store before the temperature rises in the early morning. In the first week of storage, the chiller is used to circulate cold air, and the watermelon is cooled by means of heat conduction and latent heat of evaporation, so that the temperature of the watermelon is consistent with the cold storage temperature. The general temperature is 8-12°C, the relative humidity is about 80%, and the minimum storage temperature can be controlled at 5- 6°C.
Fourth, watermelon cold storage storage disinfection
The storage and cold storage of watermelon should be disinfected with 0.1mg/kg carbendazim spray for 3-6 days before use to keep the inside clean and hygienic without bacteria. Start the refrigeration system in the store, regulate the storage temperature at 8-12°C, and then decrease to the optimal temperature within 1 week according to the characteristics of the watermelon variety.
V. Management of Temperature and Humidity of Watermelon Cold Storage
1. Cold storage temperature The optimum storage temperature of watermelon cold storage is 5-6 °C, especially in the initial stage of storage. After gradual cooling, it should be transferred to normal storage to reduce the physiological disease of watermelon and improve the quality of storage. When the watermelon is taken out of the cold storage in summer or autumn, the water droplets are likely to condense on the melon surface and the shelf life is very short after being shipped out. Therefore, the temperature must be gradually warmed before leaving the warehouse, so that the product temperature of the watermelon can be gradually increased to the proper temperature and then released. Ensure quality and extend shelf life.
2, the relative humidity of the cold storage refrigerator watermelon suitable for 80-85%, because the evaporation tube is constantly attached to the frost, and constantly washed away the ice, and the building more use of cement materials, resulting in reduced humidity within the library, can not reach Watermelon's requirements for humidity can be sprinkled with clean water or wet grass curtains on the ground.
3. Ventilation of cold storage The watermelon in the cold storage emits CO2, ethylene and other irritant gases through respiration. When accumulated to a certain concentration, it promotes the ripening and aging of the watermelon fruit, and the quality is deteriorated and cannot be stored for a long time. Therefore, it must be ventilated. You can select the lower temperature morning, open the exhaust window, open the automatic sprayer while ventilating and ventilating, and send the fine mist into the store with the cold air, which is more ideal.
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