Can organic fertilizer be used as top dressing? What are the effects?
Can organic fertilizer be used as top dressing? What is the effect? ​​Topdressing is a fertilization method used during the growth and development of crops to timely supplement the nutrient requirements during the growth and development of crops. Organic fertilizer is not only an ideal base fertilizer in agriculture, but also can be used as a top dressing to provide a variety of nutrients for crops during crop growth. Organic fertilizer, commonly known as farmyard manure, refers to slow-acting fertilizers that contain large amounts of biological materials, animal and plant residues, excreta, and biological waste. Organic fertilizer contains not only a large number of elements and trace elements necessary for plants, but also rich organic nutrients. Organic fertilizer is the most comprehensive fertilizer.
The role of organic fertilizers in agricultural production is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, improve soil and fertility. After the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, the organic matter can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the soil, mature the soil, enhance the fertility and buffer capacity of the soil, and create good soil conditions for the growth of the crop.
Second, increase production and improve quality. Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and various nutrients to provide nutrients for crops. After the organic fertilizer is decomposed, it provides energy and nutrients for soil microbial activities, promotes microbial activities, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, and produces active substances that promote crop growth and improve the quality of agricultural products.
Third, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers contain many nutrients but relatively low levels and slow release. Fertilizers have high nutrient content, low composition and fast release. The two are rationally combined and applied, complement each other, and the organic acid produced by the decomposition of organic matter can also promote the dissolution of mineral nutrients in soil and fertilizer. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer promote each other, which is conducive to crop absorption and improve fertilizer utilization.
Organic fertilizer application method
There are two methods for applying organic fertilizers: soil application and root dressing.
Soil application, application of soil layer should not be too deep, too deep, temperature, humidity, gas permeability and other conditions will be affected. Therefore, the organic fertilizer is generally applied to the vicinity of the root layer dense layer, and the soil is covered after application to avoid the loss of nutrient volatilization.
The top dressing is to mix the organic fertilizer and water in a ratio of 1:10. After standing, the supernatant is poured into a sprayer, and the solution is evenly sprayed on the front and back sides of the crop leaves for absorption by the foliage.
Precautions
1. The organic fertilizer is fermented and then applied. Because organic fertilizer is processed from biological materials, animal and plant waste, and plant residues, these substances often carry harmful substances such as germs directly into the soil, which will affect the growth of crops. Use it completely after being decomposed.
2. Control the dosage. Although organic fertilizer contains many nutrients, its content is relatively low. Therefore, only a large amount of application can meet the crop's demand for nutrients. But not the more you apply, the better. Generally, farmland applies 1500-2000 kg/mu per quarter; fruit and tuber vegetable crops require a large amount of fertilizer, generally about 2,000 kg; while green leaf crops require less fertilizer, about 1,500 kg.
3. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application. Organic fertilizers are all nutrients, but when crops need to grow at the peak of fertilizers, they are often insufficiently supplied; fertilizers are easily decomposed, which is good for crop absorption, but lack of stamina. The combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can meet the crop fertilizer requirement.
4. Cooperate with biological bacterial fertilizer application. The beneficial bacteria in the biological fertilizer can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the organic fertilizer, and can also decompose and convert harmful substances in the organic fertilizer. For the application, 20-25 kg of fertilizer can be applied per acre for application.
5. Follow the high quality organic fertilizer. During the rapid growth of crops, a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium are needed. Generally, the nitrogen and potassium nutrients in organic fertilizers are not high. To ensure the rapid growth of nutrients, high-quality organic fertilizers with high nitrogen and potassium nutrients should be used. .
Misunderstanding of organic fertilizer application
First, direct application of raw manure
For this problem, we have already sent related articles to understand - (Warning: the decomposing is not complete, the feces, the rotten is completely fat). Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to directly drop the manure. At this time, the factory-processed commercial organic fertilizer can be purchased. The factory has been fermented and sterilized for farmers, and can be used directly after the farmers buy it.
Second, the danger of excessive application of organic fertilizer
The low nutrient content of organic fertilizers has no obvious effect on crop growth. Unlike fertilizers, which are easy to burn, and the organic matter accumulated in the soil has obvious effects on soil improvement, some people mistakenly believe that the more organic fertilizers are used, the better. The actual excessive application of organic fertilizers, like chemical fertilizers, can also cause harm. The hazards are mainly manifested in the following points.
Excessive application of organic fertilizer results in burning of the seedlings. A large amount of organic fertilizer is applied, resulting in a large accumulation of nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium in the soil, resulting in imbalance of soil nutrients. A large amount of organic fertilizer is applied, and nitrate ions in the soil accumulate, causing the nitrate in the crop to exceed the standard.
Third, organic and inorganic cooperation is not enough
Organic fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients, but their content is low. In order to fully meet the demand for nutrients in crops, in order to fully meet the demand for nutrients, organic fertilizers should be supplemented with appropriate fertilizers. Some manufacturers exaggerate the role of organic fertilizers, only organic fertilizers, crop growth can not meet the nutrient demand at the critical moment, leading to crop yield reduction.
Fourth, like organic fertilizer with large application rate and low price
There are many kinds of organic fertilizers, and the quality of organic fertilizers processed by different raw materials and different methods is very different: for example, organic fertilizers that farmers naturally pile up in the field, although the pathogens have been killed after a long period of rot, but Long-term fermentation and processing, as well as the leaching of rain, the nutrients inside have lost a large part.
In addition, in the process of processing, it is inevitable to bring some impurities such as soil, and there is no drying process, and the moisture content in the fertilizer is high. Therefore, although such organic fertilizers are bulky and heavy, they do not provide much organic matter and nutrients to the soil. Taking chicken manure as an example, fresh manure has a high water content, generally 70% water content, dry matter only accounts for a small part, most of which is water, so about 3.5m3 of fresh manure can process 1 ton of water and less than 20% of dry organic fertilizer.
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