Chinese scientists have made major breakthroughs in the design and synthesis of eukaryotic genomes
The reporter learned from Tianjin University on the 10th that Chinese scientists from Tianjin University, Tsinghua University and Huada Gene have made major breakthroughs in eukaryotic genome design and chemical synthesis, completing the de novo design and chemistry of four eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes. Synthesis breaks the boundaries between non-living matter and life and opens the process of "designing life, recreating life and reshaping life."
Breaking through the problem of cell inactivation caused by synthetic genomes, designing a chromosome-forming disease model and developing a long-chromosome hierarchical assembly strategy, demonstrating that artificially designed and synthesized genomes have the flexibility to be added and deleted... These synthesises completed by Chinese scientists The latest research in the field of biology has formed four papers, which were published on the cover of the world's top academic journal Science on March 10.
Genetically modified yeast has been used to make vaccines, drugs, and specific compounds. The publication of these new results means that chemical design of custom yeast organisms is possible and the range of products will be expanded.
The research team of Tianjin University is at work. (Photo courtesy of Tianjin University)
Synthetic Biology is the third biotechnological revolution marked by genome design and synthesis following the "DNA double helix discovery" and "human genome sequencing project." The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Gene Combination Program (Sc2.0 Program) is a landmark international collaborative project for Syntheticgenomics research, sponsored by the American Academy of Sciences, Jeff Burke, with the United States, China, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Singapore, etc. Multinational research institutions participate in and work together to design and chemically recreate the complete S. cerevisiae genome. The international promoter of the program and the earliest participant in China, Yuan Yingjin, a professor at the School of Chemical Engineering at Tianjin University, published two papers as a correspondent in the journal Science.
The largest divisions in the biological world are not plants and animals, nor multicellular and single-celled organisms, but are distinguished by prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The genome of prokaryotes is relatively simple, and the DNA of eukaryotes such as animals, plants, fungi, etc. is rich and complex, usually containing hundreds of millions to even billions of base pairs of information, while genetic material DNA is usually assigned to different In chromosomes, these chromosomes are deep in specific regions of the nucleus. Therefore, synthesizing the genome of a eukaryote is a very difficult task. However, if biology truly leads the technological revolution, synthetic eukaryotic genome technology will play a very central role.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic single-celled organism in biological research. Yuan Yingjin said in an interview: "Chemical synthetic yeast can help humans understand more fundamental biology problems on the one hand, and achieve rapid evolution through the genomic rearrangement system (SCRaMbLE) on the other hand. Strains with important application potential in the fields of energy, environment, agriculture, industry, etc."
Cover article of the journal Science. (Photo courtesy of Tianjin University)
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