Talking about the Problems and Countermeasures in the Improvement of Pig Breeds
In the process of pig breeding, the benefits of a good breed of pigs are relatively high, so what problems do you have in the improvement of pig breeds in China? Let's talk about the improvement of the breed of pigs.
1 Problems in the improvement of pig breeds
1.1 Pig farmers have insufficient knowledge of artificial insemination
Artificial insemination can effectively prevent the spread of contact diseases and overcome the difficulty of mating due to physical differences between sows and boars, and can also effectively improve the conception rate and the number of litters. However, these advantages are not known to pig farmers, which makes it difficult to perform artificial insemination.
1.2 The level of raising and management of pig farmers is low
At present, there are many rural pig farmers, and the number of cultures is relatively small and scattered, which makes the breeding efficiency not high. At the same time, the quality of the pigs and the level of feeding management are low. The sows raised are not too thin or too fat, which makes the sow's estrus performance not obvious enough. It is difficult to find the right time for breeding. In addition, the sanitary conditions of pigs are poor, the epidemic prevention is not comprehensive, and even individual farmers do not prevent epidemics, which in turn causes the reproductive diseases of pigs to occur, which seriously affects the effect of artificial insemination, thus making pig farmers reluctant to artificial insemination. .
1.3 The promotion is not enough
The current grassroots agricultural technology extension system is not perfect and sound, and the personnel engaged in technology promotion are seriously inadequate and financially difficult. At the same time, there are fewer village-level veterinarians in Pingle County, and the personnel skills of township veterinary stations need to be further improved in order to cope with the ever-changing new epidemic.
1.4 less supply points
The supply point is usually located near the township, with fewer outlets, and the sows are mostly in remote mountainous areas, which makes it impossible to provide timely semen. And long-distance supply and demand semen is very difficult for pig farmers and insemination personnel. This problem also seriously hinders the progress of variety improvement. Therefore, the speed of promotion of improved pigs is relatively slow.
2 Development ideas for improved pig breeds
In recent years, Pingle County has strengthened training and publicity in animal husbandry science and technology, and has also implemented various poverty alleviation projects, effectively improving the awareness of pig farmers on animal husbandry technology. Therefore, the breeding of hybrid piglets, the transformation of the barn, the promotion of feeding compound feed and the artificial insemination breeding are gradually started, and the pig farmers see this advantage and are more motivated.
2.1 Artificial insemination technology
The most direct measure of the effect of artificial insemination is the conception rate, which requires accurate timing of the breeding time and artificial insemination in the process of artificial insemination.
2.1.1 Time of breeding
The most suitable breeding time is mainly in the following two situations:
(1) Initial age
It is the most suitable breeding stage for the reserve gilts, which will vary according to the climate, the level of the management staff and the breed of the sow, but the overall can be judged from two aspects, one is age and weight, the local variety is About 6 months, the weight is best when 50~60kg, while the exotic variety is 8~10 months, and the weight is about 100kg. If the feeding conditions are poor, it is best to delay the breeding time even if the age or weight of the breeding is reached. Second, it is determined according to the number of estruss, whether it is imported varieties or domestic varieties, the best collocation effect in the third estrus after the first estrus, and this requires careful observation and detailed records of the keeper;
(2) Timely breeding
This is also the key to effectively increasing the number of litters. The timely mating time is about 48 to 59 hours after the start of estrus, and the ovulation is about 25 hours after the start of the sow's estrus. In the fallopian tube, the egg can be fertilized between 8 and 12 hours, while the sperm can survive between 25 and 30 hours. Therefore, the sperm should reach the ampulla of the fallopian tube two or three hours before the egg is discharged. The time is too late or late will affect the number of litters and the conception rate.
2.1.2 Operation of breeding
There are several main steps in performing the correct operation of artificial insemination:
(1) Selection of vas deferens
The vas deferens are divided into one-time and multiple-time. Multiple vas deferens are difficult to disinfect and clean, and are also prone to deformation, which can easily lead to cross-infection of the disease, but at a lower cost. The one-time convenience is easy to throw when used, which reduces the cross-infection of the disease, but the cost is higher;
(2) Preparation before insemination
All utensils should be strictly disinfected before insemination;
(3) Operation of insemination
In the case of insemination, the sow's genitals should be cleaned beforehand and wiped clean with a few drops of semen for lubrication. Then insert the vas deferens into the cervix and massage at the perineum of the sow to make the sows hip, tail and stretch;
(4) When the sow's cervix is ​​locked into the vas deferens, the bag containing the semen is connected to the vas deferens, and then the semen is delivered to the uterus by the negative pressure of the uterus contraction. If you use a device such as a syringe, it will affect the conception rate of the sow.
2.2 Optimizing the quality of the sow population
When introducing a good breed of breeding pigs, the quality of the sow must be further optimized. On the one hand, we should strengthen the work of sow management and eliminate some unqualified sows. On the other hand, the existing sows are gradually upgraded and the sows are hybridized, which effectively promotes the process of ternary cross-breeding of commercial piglets, which in turn leads to an overall improvement in the level of live pigs in the county. , but also for export.
The above is the problem in the improvement of pigs. Do you think that the farmers have made sense after reading them? If you want to learn more about the skills related to pig farming, you can pay attention to this site!
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