The management of winter fish ponds is good or bad and will directly affect the level of aquaculture benefits. The author reminds the farmers that the following five aspects of management should be done in time.
1. The ponds and ponds for wintering should be selected east-west direction, sheltered from the sun, with an area of ​​2,000 to 3,300 square meters. The dike is strong, the water retention performance is good, and the water depth is kept more than 2 meters. Power matching, convenient transportation, convenient drainage and drainage. In order to facilitate the dredging of fish ponds and the sale of fingerlings and adult fishes, it is necessary to carry out the ponding of cultivated fingerlings and adult fish. Fish species and ponds are generally selected when the water temperature is 5 to 10 °C. In order to prevent fish body injuries from getting sick, the fish must be trained 1 or 2 times before the fish pond is caught in the pond. During the process of pulling, transporting, transferring and stocking the fish, the operation must be light. As the temperature of the water decreases, the ingestion intensity of the fish is greatly reduced, and the growth rate is also slowed down (or even stopped). Most of the fish have reached the catching specifications. At this time, the farmers should do a good job in the preparation of mesh repairs, overhaul of transportation tools, and market sales surveys. Adult fish and ponds are generally used in combination with pull nets to sell fish.
If there are fish species listed on the marketing plan, they should be promptly screened for sale. Due to the large number of adult fish listed on the market in winter, the fish price is generally low, so under the condition of not affecting the cash flow of the next breeding cycle, only large-scale grass, herring, carp, carp, carp, and other fishes will be sold before the Spring Festival in winter. Should be as far as possible and stay until the Dragon Boat Festival to the Dragon Boat Festival during the sale, in order to sell a good price, to achieve the purpose of improving breeding efficiency.
2. Dredging and trimming the bottom of the pond to retain moderate (15 ~ 20 cm) of sludge can play a role in maintaining fertilizer, supplying fertilizer and buffering water quality. If the sludge is too thick, it will not only reduce the beneficial effect of silt at the bottom of the pond, but also add many unfavorable factors to aquaculture. The method of dredging is to drain the pool of water first, and then dredge it manually or mechanically. After the sludge is cleared, we must also level the bottom of the pond, clear the weeds, repair the channels, plug the loopholes, reinforce the ponds, and compact the pond walls.
After the ponds are dredged and trimmed, do not let the water drain immediately if the conditions permit. Let the bottom of the pond be exposed to the sun for 15-20 days.
Renovate the exposed fish ponds before disinfecting the fish. The commonly used clear pond drugs are lime, Qingtangling, bleaching powder and so on.
For some farming models that combine fish, pigs, fish, and grasses, we must use winter seasons, combine ponds to build pig houses, build poultry sheds, and level land. Usually, 2 to 3 pigs, 40 to 50 ducks (chicken) and 333 square meters of planted grassland are suitable for every 667 square meters of water surface.
3. The main advantages of fingerlings released in winter for fish stocks are as follows: First, the temperature is relatively low, which facilitates the transport of fingerlings, and has a low injury rate and a high survival rate. Second, the number of fish species in the winter is sufficient, there is plenty of room for selection, the price is low, and the input cost of fish species is relatively low. The third is to enable fish species to adapt to the environment earlier, to eat earlier, and to extend the breeding season. The selection of species is based on the dietary habits of fish and their habits. Based on the rational use of pond feeds and water bodies and the full play of the mutually beneficial relationship between farmed fish, the choice of collocation and breeding species is the starting point. The winter solstice to the beginning of spring in the northern part of Jiangsu Province is the best time for stocking fish species. At this stage, the temperature and the water temperature are both low, and the scales of the fish species are closely arranged. It is not easy to cause damage during the operation. The specific implementation should be carried out on a sunny day with a water temperature of about 10°C. It should try to avoid bad weather such as wind, rain, snow, and freezing.
4. Daily management There is little rain in winter and it is easy to reduce the water level in the pond. Some fish farmers like to put shallow water in fish ponds so that the fish can reach the sun for heating purposes. In fact, shallow winter ponds, rapid changes in water temperature, and large temperature differences can adversely affect the growth of fish. The main methods of managing water quality are as follows: First, raise the pool water level. The second is to regularly regulate water quality. Every 20 to 30 days should be filled with fresh water, each time filling 20 to 30 cm, and appropriate discharge of old water. The third is to increase calcium and phosphorus. Sprinkle the lime solution once a month and increase the phosphate fertilizer once to increase the concentration of phosphorus in the water and enhance the cold resistance of the fish. The fourth is to take oxygenation measures. The aeration facility will be opened from 12 noon to 14 noon to increase the appetite and disease resistance of fish and prevent the occurrence of dead fish in hypoxia.
Rational feeding of feed can increase fish disease resistance. Usually 3 to 5 days feeding 1, the daily amount of 0.5% to 1.0% of fish body weight. If the water temperature rises above 8°C, it is appropriate to increase the amount of feeding and the specific feeding is based on the fish's eating situation.
Due to the low water temperature in the winter and winter, the immunity of the fish is reduced, the disease resistance is weak, and it is vulnerable to infection and infestation by fungi and parasites. Strict disease prevention measures must be taken.
Each morning, evening and mid-night, there will be 1 round of patrol. When the temperature drops to 3～5°C, the pond water level should be increased to the optimal depth. If the pool surface is frozen, try to shorten the ice-sealing period. When the temperature rises before the beginning of spring, the pool water should be drained to raise the temperature of the fish pond as soon as possible.
5. Increase income and create effective fish ponds After finishing the exposure, there is no stocking plan or the following year for breeding seedlings. There will be a few months of idle period, and this idle period can be fully utilized to increase income and create profits.
In winter, the dried ponds can be grown with beans, rapeseeds, vegetables, green manures, pastures and other crops. This will not only help improve the bottom of the pond, absorb and transform the nutrients in the soil, reduce the disease, but also increase the source of feed and reduce the cost of breeding.
In general, fish raised on large water surfaces such as lakes and reservoirs are released in spring, which leads to low overall fish prices in winter, and fewer freshwater fish in spring and summer, resulting in tight market supply. For example, during the winter period, it is possible to use low-priced fish ponds to acquire low-priced fish that are not only resistant to low temperatures, but also sold in winter and are popular in spring and summer. These products are sold during the Ching Ming and Dragon Boat Festival, which will not affect normal production and can be used. The difference in time to earn a certain amount of breeding profits is a good way to increase income and increase efficiency.
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