Brussels sprouts, also known as sprouts, soup. It takes the small leaf ball on the inner side of the leafhopper as the product. The shape of the small leaf ball is rare, tender, sweet and rich, with unique flavor and rich nutrition. Its protein content is the highest in the leaves and leaves, and is favored by consumers in Europe and the United States. According to the local climate characteristics, Anyang City Vegetable Institute introduced 3 foreign varieties in 1998 and 1999. After trial production in autumn greenhouses, 2 suitable cultivars were selected, with an output of 812kg per mu and an output value of 14200 yuan. The products are supplied to New Year's Day and Spring Festival market. The economic benefits are very significant. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, the variety of selection of autumn greenhouses planted Brussels sprouts should choose adaptable, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, bud ball tidy, tight, long harvest period of very early varieties. Such as: early birth (Japan), OLIVER (Netherlands).
Second, cultivate strong seedlings
(1) Seeding: seedlings from late July to early August. The seedbed chooses a fertile land with a flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and 15-20 square meters of seedbed per acre cultivation field. Each square meter of seedbed is applied with high-quality soil and fertilizer or 8-10kg of fully decomposed human and animal waste. After the application, it is deepened by 30cm, and then flattened to make 1.4m flat. In combination with the preparation of the ground, 100kg of fine soil should be sieved, and 50g of carbendazim and 40g of trichlorfon WP can be blended and mixed into a medicinal soil for use.
The Brussels sprouts are mostly spread by dry seeds. The seed is cultivated in 25g per acre. The seedlings are first poured after sowing. After the water seepage, the soil is 0.5cm thick, and then the seeds are planted in several times. Finally, the soil is 0.5cm thick to make the seeds. Both upper and lower have medicinal soil, which can effectively prevent seedling pests and diseases.
(2) Management of seedling stage: During this period, the seedlings are in the hot and rainy season. Immediately after sowing, the shading facilities are covered on the seedbed, and the drainage ditch is dug around the nursery. Usually, a small arch shed is placed on the seedbed, covered with a black shade net. The temperature of the seedbed should be kept at 20 °C - 25 °C during the day. After 3-5 days, the temperature can be appropriately increased. Temperature control is mainly carried out by watering and shading. After the emergence of the heart of the seedlings, timely seedlings promote the development of the root system, and at the same time cultivate the soil; 3 to 4 true leaves of the seedlings are timely seedlings. The seedbed bed is the same as the seedbed bed, and the planting is carried out according to the row spacing of 10cm×10cm. After splitting the seedlings, use a double-layer shade net to shave 2-3 days, and then change the single-layer shade net after the seedlings are slowed down. If there is no seedling in the middle, it can be in the 2 leaves and 1 heart seedling, and the seedling distance is 4-6 cm square. Prevention of aphids, cabbage caterpillars and rickets in the seedling stage.
Third, timely planting: 30-35d after sowing, seedlings true leaves 5-6, can be colonized. Because the growth period of Brussels sprouts is long, the amount of fertilizer needs to be large, and the land preparation for fertilization in the greenhouse is done 1 week before planting. The cultivation field is applied to the long-acting decomposed organic fertilizer 3000-4000kg, and the compound fertilizer 50kg diammonium 30kg. After the general application, the deep-turning is carried out, and the crucible is fine and flat, and the north and south are made according to the width of 1.2m. 1d before the planting, the seedbed should be watered, planted according to the row spacing of 50cmx60cm, and about 2200 seedlings per mu.
Fourth, greenhouse management
(1) Water and fertilizer management: watering in time after planting, and then pouring the seedling water once after 3 days. Slow seedlings were ploughed 1 time around 7d, and water was controlled for 4-5d, which promoted rooting. In the future, it is necessary to keep the soil in the field moist, and to increase the number of watering during the period from the germination to the bud ball expansion. Entering the leaf ball harvesting period, the outside temperature is low, and watering is performed once every 15-20 days.
The whole growth period of Brussels sprouts should be topdressed more than 4 times. After 7 days of planting, the seedling fertilizer should be applied, and 5 kg of urea should be applied. After 20 days of planting, the fertilizer should be applied to promote the vegetative growth of the plants, and the base should be planted in the late stage. During the expansion period of the ball, the third fertilizer is chased; in the later period, each 2-3 times of topdressing is used, and after the second time, the amount of fertilizer is 15kg per urea. From the slowing of the planting to the rosette, the cultivating is carried out 3-4 times, and the cultivating is carried out in combination with cultivating The roots are cultivated to prevent the plants from lodging.
(2) Temperature management: The plant should maintain a high temperature in the early stage of growth, 22 ° C - 27 ° C during the day, 13 ° C - 15 ° C during the night; when the temperature drops to 5 ° C in the first ten days of November, the temperature in the shed is 16 °C-20 °C, between 10 °C, not less than 5 °C; during the formation of the ball during the daytime temperature 13 °C -16 °C, nighttime 7 °C -10 °C. After the shed, reduce the number of watering, the relative humidity in the shed should be less than 90%.
(3) Plant adjustment: When the plant height is 40cm, use a 50-80cm high bamboo raft to insert the vertical frame, and the upper part is tied with a rope to prevent lodging. For axillary buds and diseased leaves with poor basal bulging, they should be taken early to reduce nutrient consumption and facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When the leaf ball develops hypertrophy, the petiole will press the leaf ball. At the beginning of the leaf ball expansion, the old leaf should be gradually tapped from bottom to top. Removing the top heart while playing the old leaves is conducive to the downward transfer of nutrients, promotes the expansion of the leaf ball, and improves the quantity and quality of the ball.
(4) Pest Control: Brassica oleracea has strong disease resistance and less pests and diseases. However, when the humidity in the greenhouse is greater than 90% or the management is extensive, the pests and diseases are still very serious. The main diseases are black root disease, downy mildew, black rot and sclerotinia, which can be used 1200 times with 20% methyl chlorophosphorus emulsifiable concentrate, 500-700 times with 65% sensible zinc WP, and 72% agricultural sulphuric acid. Streptomycin 4000 times, 50% chlorhexidine WP 1000-1500 times prevention. The pests were mainly cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths and aphids, which were controlled by Kaiwei-168, the vegetable moth enemy and the net spray.
V. Timely harvesting: In late November (85 days after planting), the cabbage leaves are fully inflated and compact, and the leaf ball is 3–4 cm long and 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter, and the leaf ball can be cut from the bottom to the bottom with a knife. . Each plant of the Brussels sprouts harvested 35-40 leaves, with a harvesting period of 40-43 days.
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