The Contribution of Improved Breeding to the Improvement of Grain Yield in Henan Province
In improving many factors such as grain yield, the contribution rate of improved varieties is generally considered to be more than 40%.
From 2004 to 2007, the total wheat output in Henan Province increased from 50.4 billion jins to 59.9 billion jins, an increase of 9.5 billion jins, and the average yield per unit increased from 680 jin/mu to 760 jin/mu, which was an increase of 80 jin/mu, with an average annual increase. 20 kg/mu. The main reason is that the province's wheat varieties have been renewed for the ninth time, and a number of high-yield, high-quality wheat varieties such as Zhengmai 90 23, Xinmai 18, and Zhoumai 18 have been widely used.
From 2002 to 2007, the wheat, corn and rice in Henan Province were renewed for the ninth, eight and seven times respectively. During this period, the average yield of wheat increased by 14.6%, corn increased by 6.3%, and rice increased by 7.8%.
Analysis of Potential Yield Increase of Fine Varieties
Wheat, corn and rice are the main food crops in Henan Province. Its planting area, total production and yield are among the highest in the country, but there is still a certain potential for increasing production.
Wheat: Zheng Mai 9023, a leading product in the current production, is a high-quality, high-yield variety, and its promotion area ranks first in the country for six consecutive years. The variety of experimental demonstration model yields up to 1040 pounds; Zhou Mai 18 is a super-high yield type varieties, the variety of the test yield of 1160 pounds, the province's seed management station arranged display field average yield 1204 pounds. In 2008, the province’s wheat yield was 770 pounds, a record in history, but there was still a certain distance from the yield that the wheat varieties could achieve. The target yield of Zhengmai 9023 was 270 pounds higher than the highest average yield in the province, and the target output of Zhoumai 18 was higher than that of the province. The highest average yield is 390 pounds.
Maize: Currently the main varieties Zhengdan 958 and Dandan 20 are high-yield and high-quality varieties. In the experiment and demonstration, the target output reached 1,220 kg, while the average yield per unit of corn production is 760 kg, and the yield difference is 460 kg.
Rice: The main cultivars, II you 838 and Yueyou 938, yielded 1300 jin in the experimental demonstration, but the average yield per unit of rice production is currently 960 jin. Yield difference of 340 kg.
The reasons for the difference in yields are the following:
One is the difference in soil fertility and irrigation and drainage conditions. The effective irrigated area in Henan accounts for more than 60% of the total arable land, and there are still more than 30% of dry and thin land, which is a “legged field†for grain production. The second is the difference between natural disasters and crop varieties. Henan is a double-cropping area in one year, autumn crops are summer sowing, corn has a short growing time, high frequency of drought and flood disasters, little room for maneuvering on production, large output fluctuations during the inter-annual period, and low and unreliable yields. The third is the difference in the promotion of matching techniques for good seed and good law. The new breed's potential to increase production potential is conditional and requires corresponding supporting technologies, while only about 50% of the improved methods for the production of good breeds are supported and promoted. The fourth is the difference in species quality. The high-quality seed produced by a professional seed base can produce more than 20% higher yield than the seeds retained or exchanged by farmers. The higher-generation seeds produce more yield than the seeds of the later generations. The fifth is the difference in input. Daejeon produces millions of households and it is difficult to achieve consistent and satisfying varieties of demand in labor, production materials, (pesticides, fertilizers, seeds, irrigation, etc.) and management techniques.
The main problems in the promotion of improved seed breeding
Less investment in breeding and low innovation capacity. In Henan Province, there is insufficient funding for scientific research and breeding. Most scientific research institutions have the phenomenon of low research funds, backward equipment, and faults of scientific and technological personnel, which leads to backward breeding methods and lack of innovation capability.
The supply rate of conventional seed commodities is low. At present, the wheat seed supply rate in Henan Province is about 70%, sweet potato is about 50%, and soybean is about 40%. There are still quite a few farmland use species that are farmer-owned or exchanged.
The large area of ​​low-yield farms cannot enable high-yield species to fully realize their potential for yield increase. In Henan Province, 25 million mu of middle-quality fields and 25 million mu of low-yield fields account for 65% of the total wheat area of ​​the province. For example, the average yields of Sanmenxia and Xinyang in 2008 were 288 kg/mu and 580 kg/mu, respectively. (The average yield of Jiaozuo is 1004 kg/mu), which is 616 kg/mu and 424 kg/mu respectively.
The seed production base is poor and its production capacity is low. The province has a small number of standardized seed bases, a small area, and limited seed production capacity. Other seed bases are self-built by seed companies, with poor stability and incomplete supporting facilities. It is difficult to ensure seed production and seed quality.
The standardization of seed processing quality is low.
In Henan Province, there are many stand-alone seed processing equipment, complete set of equipment, extensive processing, low quality, and low seed coating rate.
Variety display and promotion are small. The promotion system of grass-roots agricultural technology in Henan Province is not perfect, and there is a lack of funds for demonstration and demonstration of new varieties, and there are few display points, and the use of radiation is small.
The high yield of fine varieties is the "wood barrel effect." The high yield of improved varieties is the result of various comprehensive factors, such as soil, fertility, irrigation, climate, cultivation, plant protection, etc., while the reduction of production can be formed by single factors.
Recommendations for breeding and promotion of improved varieties
The first is to increase the investment in research and breeding funds, formulate new crop breeding plans for 2020; the second is to establish and improve a variety of experimental display promotion systems; third is to further expand the scale of construction of agricultural seed breeding bases; and fourth, to expand the size of improved seed subsidies for all The main crop varieties implement all subsidies; Fifth, improve the seed quality inspection system, strengthen the monitoring of seed quality, and ensure the safe production of seeds.
Selected raw materials, deep roasting and frying, give the coffee a balanced taste
Mellow milk fragrance, long finish, showing delicate baking aroma
Instant Coffee Powder,Instant Espresso Powder,Grinding Coffee Powder,Espresso Powder Supermarket
KARAK , https://www.jskarak.com