Absorption of multiple proteins in the development of disease-inducing nano-sponge-controlled rheumatoid arthritis
According to the latest issue of Nature and Nanotechnology, US researchers have developed neutrophil nanosponges that safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Studies in two mouse models have demonstrated that injection of these nanosponges can effectively treat severe rheumatoid arthritis, and early injection of the disease can prevent the progression of the disease.
Zhang Liangfang, a professor of nanoengineering at the University of California, San Diego, said that nanosponges are a new therapeutic paradigm that prevents pathological molecules from causing disease in the body, blocking a broad spectrum of pathological molecules, rather than blocking only certain types of pathological molecules. It can treat and prevent diseases more effectively.
The new nanosponge is a biodegradable polymer nanoparticle coated with a cell membrane of neutrophils (a type of blood leukocytes). Neutrophils are the first responders of the immune system against invading pathogens and play an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
During the development of rheumatoid arthritis, cells in the joint produce an inflammatory protein called a cytokine. The release of cytokines suggests that neutrophils enter the joint. Cytokines bind to receptors on the surface of neutrophils and activate receptors to release more cytokines, thereby attracting more neutrophils to the joints.
Nanosponges essentially contain this inflammatory cascade in germination. As a neutrophil bait, nanosponges block cytokines and prevent them from emitting more neutrophil signals to the joints, thereby reducing inflammation and joint damage.
Nanosponges provide a promising alternative for the current treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. For example, some monoclonal antibody drugs can help patients control disease symptoms, but they act by neutralizing only certain types of cytokines, which is not sufficient to treat the disease because many different types of cytokines and pathological molecules are involved. Nanosponges naturally have receptors that bind all of these different types of cytokines and can be used to manage the entire population of inflammatory molecules.
Studies have shown that in a mouse model of severe rheumatoid arthritis, the performance of nanosponges is as good as the treatment of high doses of monoclonal antibodies in mice. Professor Zhang Liangfang also said that nanosponge treatment can not completely eliminate the disease, but basically can control the disease.
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