In the spring, the cultivation of bitter gourd is covered with a small arch shed, which is listed early and has high benefits. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, choose the plot
Bitter melons are moist, afraid of flooding, should choose loam that is not easy to be affected by cockroaches, deep soil layers, and good permeability, and it is not appropriate to use melons as the front crops.
Second, choose the variety
Varieties suitable for local climatic conditions, short melons, short internodes, small leaves, strong resistance, early maturity, good commercial, cold and disease resistance should be selected.
Third, sowing seedlings
The seed coat of bitter gourd seeds is hard and should be soaked and germinated before sowing. When planting seedlings, build a small arch shed on the seedbed to prevent cold. There should be sufficient illumination time in the seedling stage, and the arch shed should be kept at 25 °C - 30 °C during the day and above 20 °C during the night. Keep the seedbed loose and moist.
Fourth, fertilization transplantation
In early April, when the soil temperature above 10 cm is about 12 °C (30-40 days old, 3-4 true leaves). Before planting, combine the whole planting with the base fertilizer, apply 3000-4000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, and 30 kg of superphosphate. The phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with manure for more than 15 days before application. After fertilization, the shallow tillage, after leveling and fine, is made 1.5 meters wide (including the bottom ditch 0.5 meters) and 20 cm high. When planting, each row is planted 2 rows with a row spacing of 0.7 meters and a plant spacing of 0.5 meters. After planting, pour the root water.
V. Field management
1. Topdressing and watering. After planting and living, combined with watering, the application of 10% of the decomposed farmyard manure will promote the roots to tie down and cultivate strong seedlings. A second top dressing is carried out when the plant grows to a height of 30 cm. After that, the growth of the plants increased with the increase of temperature. When the first batch of female flowers was opened, the manure urine of 20% of the concentration was applied once. After the first batch of fruit is harvested, 20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per acre, and then fertilized once every 7-10 days. Foliar spray can be applied during the flowering period. In the growth process of bitter gourd, a large amount of water is needed, and in the case of no fruit, it should be poured once every 5-7 days.
2. Cultivate weeding. Combine weeding at the seedling stage and shallow cultivating twice. Cultivate 2-3 times during the subsequent growth period. If there are weeds, you can remove them by hand.
3. Rack the whole vine. When the vine grows to a height of 50-70 cm, each of the plants is inserted with a bamboo stalk of about 2 meters in length, and each of them is placed on an adult-shaped frame, and the bitter melon is fixed on the bamboo raft to prevent the vines from intertwining each other. When bitter gourd begins to pump vines, it should be combined with the characteristics of the variety, and the side vines should be removed or selected. The main vines should be removed from the side vines, and the side vines should be removed below 1 meter. In the middle and late stages of plant growth and development, the plants should be removed. The old yellow leaves in the lower part are used for ventilation and light transmission.
4. Disease prevention and treatment. The diseases of bitter gourd mainly include blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and the like. In the early stage of wilt disease, it can be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times solution; when powdery mildew or downy mildew occurs, it can be sprayed with 15% powder rusting 200-300 times.
Sixth, timely harvest
Generally, 12-15 days after flowering is a suitable harvesting period for commercial melons. At this time, the fruit grows fully, the fruit tumor is thick, the tumor groove becomes shallow, and the tip is smooth and shiny. The results were picked once every 5-6 days, and picked up once every 2-3 days. It should be harvested before sunrise, and the bitter gourd harvested at noon or afternoon is easy to turn yellow, is not resistant to storage and transportation, and is cut from the base with scissors when harvesting.
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