Corn stalking refers to the sowing of summer corn on the wheat stalks without arable land or land preparation after the wheat is harvested. The use of paste seeding technology can achieve early harvesting, reduce agricultural time, reduce labor intensity, facilitate mechanized operations, and reduce the incidence of summer bud "bud bud" damage, which is one of the key measures to achieve summer corn yield increase. Corn sticking seeding technology mainly includes the following aspects;
First, rumors
Summer maize mostly adopts early-maturing varieties, and the growth period is short. In summer and summer, when farming, it is tense, and it is necessary to compete for time and seize the time. Therefore, in order to gain time, the live summer corn is sown in the place where there are irrigated conditions, combined with the wheat sulphate (or grouting water), and the bottom sorghum for planting the corn; The area where the conditions are poured is robbed and planted. Once it rains during the season, it is necessary to hurry and concentrate on rushing.
Second, seed selection and seed treatment
1. Selection: It includes two parts: selection of varieties and seed selection. In order to ensure high yield and stable yield of corn, it is necessary to select high-yield hybrid varieties with wide adaptability and strong resistance, such as Zhengdan 958, Nongda 108, Ludan 981, and Laonong 14. Corn seeds should be screened before sowing to remove seeds that are mildewed, damaged, or affected by pests and diseases. The quality of the seeds should meet the standard requirements: seed purity ≥ 98%, clarity ≥ 98%, water content ≤ 13%, seed germination test should be done, the general germination rate should reach more than 90%.
2, sun-breeding: can enhance the seed viability and germination ability, increase the emergence rate of 13%-28%, 1-2 days in advance. Generally choose sunny days, spread the seeds on the dry and sunny soil field, and continue to expose for 2-3 days, and pay attention to flipping. Make it evenly heated.
3. Coating and seed dressing: coating with a seed coating agent. The seed coating agent is a medicine and fertilizer compound product processed from insecticides, fungicides, trace elements, and sustained release agents. It can not only control pests but also promote corn growth, and should be popularized and applied as soon as possible in production. . In the production, it is forbidden to use high-toxic and high-residue insecticide seed coating agents, and high-efficiency, low-toxic and pollution-free seed coating agents should be selected for seed coating. For seed dressing, for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, it is possible to control underground pests with 1% of phoxim and water 10 times of seed dressing, and also use seedlings with 0.4% of powdered rust and water for 25 times to control smut.
Third, sowing date and reasonable close planting
1. Sowing period: “Spring competition, summer competitionâ€, “Summer broadcast no early, the sooner the betterâ€, this is a jingle for the peasant masses to describe the summer corn planting time. Sowing corn in summer is carried out after wheat harvest. The biggest agricultural technology point is that corn has a short growing season and cannot grow high-yield varieties with long growth period. The corn planted by the sticking technique reduces the operation time and saves the farm time. It can be planted 1-2 days earlier than the traditional planting method, so the growth period of the corn can be prolonged, so that the corn seedlings can fully grow and strengthen before the rainy season. The ability to resist mites, reduce and avoid the damage of corn "buds", is conducive to the late growth of corn, and can meet the requirements of corn growth on accumulated temperature, so that the grain filling and maturity in the later stage of corn is better.
2, rational close planting: the formation of corn roots, stems, leaves and seeds, 90% of the products from leaf photosynthesis, only 10% of the material from the roots of the crops to absorb nutrients. Therefore, reasonable planting density should be determined according to different varieties, soil fertility conditions and different planting methods, so that the group and individual contradiction of corn tend to be unified, and the utilization rate of light energy of corn can be maximized, so that the number of spikes that constitute the yield, The product of the number of grains and the weight of the grain reaches the maximum, thereby achieving the goal of high yield. Generally, the compact type of the blade is inclined upwards, and the light transmittance is good. In the land with high soil fertility and management level, it is suitable for not less than 5000 plants per mu, and the late-maturing varieties have long growth period, tall plants, and productivity per plant. High, be a little lower.
Fourth, straw for field coverage
Ordinary wheat harvesters tend to stalk or pile up wheat straw after operation, which not only seriously affects summer corn sowing operations, but also affects emergence and seedling growth. Therefore, before planting corn, ridges or piles of wheat straw should be picked and scattered. Conditional use of a large combine harvester with a straw chopping and dispersing device for wheat harvesting operations, straw conversion to the field while harvesting wheat.
In addition to the advantages of reducing water evaporation, improving soil structure and improving soil water storage and preservation capacity, straw conversion has the functions of increasing soil organic matter, fertilizing soil fertility and inhibiting diseases, insects and diseases. Straw directly changing fields can also improve soil physical properties, increase soil microbial activities, and promote soil nutrient decomposition, which is an effective way to fertilize soil fertility. It should be noted that after the straw is changed into fields, it is necessary to absorb a certain amount of nitrogen due to the decomposition of straw. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is not increased, there may be a phenomenon of competing with corn seedlings for water and water, which affects the growth of corn. The amount of force and the amount of straw increases the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
Five, corn paste seeding
1. Sowing operation: After the wheat harvest and straw cover are completed, the special corn paste planter can be used to carry out the sowing operation in the field. Due to the large amount of wheat straw covering the surface, it is easy to block the effect of the planter when mechanical sowing. Therefore, it is necessary to use a special corn sticking planter with good plugging and anti-winding performance to complete the smashing, ditching, fertilizing and sowing. , covering soil and repressing operations.
2. Process quality requirements: (1) The seeding amount is generally 1.5-2.5 kg per mu, the upper limit error is ≤0.5%, the lower limit error is ≤0.3%; the sowing depth is generally controlled at 30-50 mm, and the sand and arid plots are appropriately increased by 10 -20 mm; the depth of fertilization is generally 80-100 mm, ie 40-50 mm below the seed. (2) The seed mechanical breaking rate is ≤0.5%, and the seeding depth pass rate is ≥75%. (3) The movements of the implements should be consistent, the grounding position of the ground, the beginning and the end should be neat, and the implements should be straight.
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