Correct knowledge of medicinal drugs can prevent drug residues in bee products and endanger human health. Therefore, in order to use drugs rationally during the beekeeping process, China Agriculture and Forestry Network recommends that the following points be noted:
Strictly grasp the indications
In the selection of antimicrobial drugs should be combined with clinical diagnosis, the type of pathogenic microorganisms and its sensitivity to drugs, and according to the severity of symptoms, select pathogenic microorganisms highly sensitive and clinical efficacy is good, less adverse reactions of antibacterial drugs. For example, paratyphoid fever and sepsis in honeybees are more effective than penicillin when kanamycin and gentamicin are used.
Dosage amount
The dose of antibacterial drugs should not be too large or too small, and the doses too small can not be used for therapeutic purposes; too large doses not only cause waste, but also cause severe reactions. In general, the starting dose is slightly larger in order to give a decisive blow to pathogens, and the dose can be appropriately reduced later; the dose of acute bacterial infections should be increased.
The course of antibiotics should be sufficient. In general, bacterial infections should be administered for 3-5 consecutive days until the symptoms disappear and then used for 1-2 days in order to seek a complete cure. Avoid premature withdrawal and recurrence of disease. The route of administration should also be appropriately selected, and bacterial infections of Cheng Feng should be fed in a more convenient manner. This can be convenient and save time. In a relatively short period of time, all patients can be exposed to drugs; bacterial diseases of larvae It is best to use a combination of bee-feeding and spleen-sweeping so that the drug can be distributed more evenly and the larvae can be exposed to the drug as early as possible.
Observe the colony response
In the course of medication, attention should be paid to observe the bee colony response. If the symptoms improve, the medication should be continued; if the toxicity is too large, other antibiotics should be replaced; if the efficacy is not good, the following possibilities should be considered, and the treatment plan should be modified in time. .
(1) Improper selection of antibiotics can not inhibit pathogenic microorganisms. At this time, other effective antibiotics should be replaced.
(2) Insufficient dose or inappropriate route of administration. At this time, increase the dose or change the route.
(3) There is an error in diagnosis, that is, the disease is not caused by bacteria, but is a disease caused by viruses, protozoa, etc. Therefore, antibacterial drugs are ineffective.
Prevent bacterial resistance
The main measures are: strictly control the indications of antibacterial drugs; dosage should be sufficient, treatment should be appropriate to control the generation of drug-resistant bacteria; if necessary, can be combined drug use, which is an effective way to control bacterial resistance from different links One, in addition, should also pay attention to the following issues: Unexplained diseases and viral diseases, should not be easy to use antibiotics; antibacterial drug prophylaxis administration should be strictly controlled, try to avoid long-term medication. Contaminated sites and regular thorough disinfection of beeware are also important links in controlling the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. For certain bacterial infections, it is not possible to use an antibacterial drug for a long period of time and it must be used interchangeably.
Comprehensive treatment measures
Most of the antibacterial drugs are antibacterial drugs, which only create certain conditions for the body to destroy the bacteria. In order to achieve a better therapeutic effect, comprehensive treatment must be carried out based on the occurrence and development of the disease while using antibiotics. Such as improving feeding and management, enhance the resistance of the colony itself, pay attention to disinfection, control the further spread of pathogens.
Combination medication
Although combined use of antibiotics can achieve additive effects (the drug efficacy is the sum of the two drugs) or synergy (pharmacological effects are better than the additive effect), it may sometimes produce antagonistic phenomena or increase toxicity. Therefore, there must be the following clear clinical symptoms:
(1) Serious infections (including unclear conditions).
(2) A mixed infection that cannot be controlled by an antibiotic.
(3) The bacteria may produce drug resistance after long-term administration.
Mixed medication
When antibacterial drugs and antibacterial drugs are mixed with other drugs, they may sometimes produce conflicting effects and they should be avoided. When using it should pay attention to:
(1) Tetracyclines are best used alone. Because it is inconsistent with a variety of antibacterial drugs (penicillin, sulfa drugs, erythromycin, etc.). In addition, it should not be used together with sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, and the like.
(2) Penicillin G potassium salt should not be used together with tetracycline, sulfa drugs, kanamycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, vitamin C, etc.
(3) Sulfonamides, especially compound sulfamethoxazoles, can contradict multiple drugs and should be used alone.
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