Mint is a perennial herb. The whole herb medicine, cool, spicy, features evacuation wind and heat, cleansing the head of the head, qi and Jieyu, etc., attending exogenous fever, headache, red eyes, sore throat, skin rash eczema. Stems and leaves can be extracted peppermint oil, menthol, peppermint and other spices for the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, cosmetics and other industrial use. Peppermint has strong adaptability, and it is planted at an altitude of 300-1000 meters. Its oil and menthol production is relatively high. Hi warm and humid environment, the optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C. When the temperature drops to -2°C or so, the plants begin to wither, but the underground rhizomes are more resistant to cold. Mint is a long day plant. Hi sunny, budding and flowering period requires sufficient sunshine and dry weather, can increase oil, brain volume. If there is too much rain at the end of the year, it will be easy to grow long, the leaves will be thin, the lower part of the plants will be easy to fall off, and there will be more diseases. Hi-loose soil, sandy loam, loam and humus soils with pH 6.5-7.5 can be grown. Peppermint fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, avoid continuous cropping. The cultivation techniques are as follows.
One, site preparation base fertilizer
Choose loam or sandy loam soil with fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient sunlight, and no menthol for 2-3 years. After the harvest, Mushi high quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 4000-5000 kg, urea 20-25 kg, superphosphate 70-75 kg, potassium sulfate 15-20 kg or ternary compound fertilizer 50-60 kg and boron, magnesium, zinc, etc. With 4-5 kg ​​of fertilizer as base fertilizer. After cultivating and leveling, it was hoeed, 1.5 meters wide and 15 centimeters high.
Second, planting propagation
Seeds, cuttings, seedlings and rhizomes can be used to breed. Rhizomes and seedlings are often used for production. Rootstock propagation From late October to early November, the rhizomes were dug from the planting site, and the white, thick and short internodes were selected and cut into small pieces of 10 centimeters, which were then planted into deep trenches that had been dug 10 centimeters in advance. The spacing is 25-30 cm and the spacing is 15 cm. Cover fine soil after planting. In general, about 100 kilograms of white rhizomes are used in mu. Seedling propagation: Plants with stout, consistent growth, and no pests and diseases are selected as reserved land. After the harvest in the autumn, the weeding and weeding were immediately carried out once. In early April of the following year, when the height of the seedling is 15 cm, it is transplanted and transplanted. The transplanting space is 20 centimeters apart, 15 centimeters of plant spacing digging, and 2 seedlings per hole. After planting, cover the soil compaction, and then pour with thin manure water to set roots.
Third, field management
1, seedlings fill seedlings transplanted in early April, when the seedlings height 10 cm, timely inspection of seedlings to fill the seedlings, keep the spacing of 15 cm or so, that is, 23,000 seedlings per mu.
2. Cultivate weeds and weeds 2-3 times during 3-4 months. Since the peppermint roots are concentrated at 15 cm in the soil and the underground rhizomes are concentrated at 10 cm in the soil, the cultivator should be shallow and not deep enough. After the first harvest, remove it again.
3, top dressing 4 times. For the first time in February, 1000-1500 kg of manure water was applied to promote seedling growth. The second time the seedling height is 20-25 cm, the Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg, and the ditch is deep between the rows and the soil is applied after the application. The third time after the first harvest of mint, Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 70-75 kilograms, it is best to pour concentrated manure water 1500-2000 kilograms, prompting early post-cut trees, in order to increase production. The fourth time in early September, when the seedlings were 25-30 cm high, Mushi applied 20-25 kilograms of compound fertilizer to meet the plant demand.
4, irrigation and irrigation water should be promptly after each fertilization. When high temperature and dry weather and dry weather occur from July to August, timely drought irrigation should be conducted. In the rainy season, water accumulation in the fields should be promptly eliminated.
5. After several years of detoxification, detoxification will occur in the degraded and mixed varieties of peppermint, which are characterized by irregular plant heights, abnormal leaf color, leaf shape, different maturation periods, weakened stress resistance, and reduced crude oil yield and quality. When wild peppermint is found, it should be promptly removed. The sooner the better, the longest the stem on the ground is removed before 8 pairs of leaves. Therefore, the underground stems have not yet sprouted and they can be pulled cleanly and thoroughly. It should be carried out when the soil is loose and soft after the rain is selected. This will not only save energy but also reduce the impact on the surrounding mint. When you go to miscellaneous, if it is difficult to distinguish it at one time, you can set the leaves, and the person who smells the odor after rubbing it with his hands is the wild peppermint. To get rid of miscellaneous work, it is necessary to go 2-3 times. After removing the head knife, if the basic seedlings are insufficient, the seedlings should also be removed.
IV. Pest control
Peppermint diseases and pests mainly include rust, spot blight, small ground tiger, and silver spot moth.
1. Peppermint rust harms leaves and stems. In the May-June period of continuous rain or too dry, it is easy to attack. Orange and powdery uredia spores began to appear on the back of the leaves, and dark brown, powdery teliospores occurred later. In severe cases, the leaves withered and wilted, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Early onset of treatment with 20% triadimefon EC 1000-1500 times or 300 times with sodium diuretic control.
2, spearmint spot blight, also known as white disease, damage leaves. Occurs between May and October. The lesions on the leaves are round and dark green, and gradually expand into dark brown. The center is grey and white, with a black star, and gradually wither and fall off. At the beginning of the disease, the burns were removed promptly. It can be sprayed with 70% mancozeb and 75% chlorothalonil 500-700 times. Stop medication 20 days before harvest.
3, small tigers harm the seedlings, spring larvae eat seedling stems, resulting in lack of seedlings. 40% Chrysanthemum Emulsion, 2000-3000 times Chrysochlor is sprayed on the rhizosphere, or rooted with 40% methyl isothioate 1000 times.
4, Silver-wing moth harms leaves and buds, larvae eat leaves, resulting in holes missing. Use 50% anti-Taibao EC spray 30-60 ml per mu sprayed or sprayed with 50% to kill sputum 1000 times. The drug was stopped 20 days before harvest.
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