First, biological feed fish. Using photosynthetic bacteria, crop straw (such as straw, straw, corn stalks, peanut shells, etc.) is produced into fish feed. The crop stalks were crushed and put into a fermentation tank. The straw powder was added to 80% water, 1% saccharification enzyme, 1% compound enzyme, 0.5% live yeast, 1% sodium chloride, and 0.5% lactic acid. Stir well, then access 3% photosynthetic bacteria, cultured at 15 °C -35 °C temperature for 2 days, the material layer covered with white hyphae emit fragrance and high-efficiency fish biological feed, can be made into pellets for drying and storage.
Second, high fertility fish culture. Bio-composite fertilizer "fish-type" high fertility is a new type of fertilizer that is non-toxic and harmless to humans and animals. Using it to raise fish can promote the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, increase dissolved oxygen in water, and fundamentally prevent summer and autumn "pan-tang". occur. Only need to use 0.75 kilograms of fertility per month per mu, 5 kg of superphosphate, less than 20 yuan investment can be profit more than 100 yuan, the benefit is very significant.
Third, grass meal chicken manure feed fish. The bean, peanut, corn, rape, and other crop straws or wild grasses are sun dried and powdered, and then mixed with chicken manure and fermented into high-quality bait, and feeding the fish can reduce the cost. Use a plastic kettle of 2.5 kg in size to load the starter, 100 grams of brown sugar, and pour in warm water (15°C-30°C is appropriate) until it is filled with a plastic pot, tightly seal and place it for 12-24 hours. Into the yeast solution; then take 30% of chicken manure, straw grass powder 40%, rapeseed cake or cottonseed cake 10%, corn flour 20%, mix, dry mix 50 kg, spread on the ground, and then Mix 40-60 kilograms of clean water and 2.5 kilograms of mother liquor and pour into dry material and mix well. Then mix and mix the material into a sealed cement tank, cylinder, plastic bag and other containers, compacted, sealed, 8-10 days in winter, 3-5 days in summer, when there is koji, acid and scent, you can feed it. fish.
Fourth, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer feed fish. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is insoluble in water, and if it is applied to the fish pond after fermentation, the fertilizer and water effect is good. 100 kg of fertilizer and 200-250 kg of livestock and poultry manure, 150 kg of vegetable and vegetable manure, full mixing, towering, surface clap, covered with plastic film, 20 days after stacking, the vast majority of calcium and magnesium Phosphorus is dissolved and converted and can be applied in open stacks. A 30-kg fermented fertilizer is applied every 15 days for each acre, and plankton will multiply after 3-5 days. The effect is very satisfactory. Under the same conditions, the application of fermented fertilizer can produce about 100 kilograms per acre more than direct sprinkling, and reduce the cost of more than 200 yuan.
V. Hull composting fish. The use of chaff to produce compost fish can open up new sources of fish farming and greatly save food. The flat area near the fishpond is selected as a composting place. The 500-kilogram chaff, 300 kilograms of pig dung, 100 kilograms of human waste and 800 kilograms of water are mixed and mixed to produce a 2 meters high and a 5-meter wide. 6 meters long rectangular pile, after irrigating, the surface covered with 5-6 cm thick fine soil or mud sealed. After composting for 5-10 days, fish ponds can be applied to fertilize the water and improve the bait, which is best for top dressing.
With the rapid development of biotechnology, peptide and protein drugs are emerging. There are now 35 important therapeutics on the market, and the development of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies is becoming increasingly global. Biotechnology drug research focuses on the application of DNA recombinant technology to develop peptides, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, cell growth factors and monoclonal antibodies that can be used in clinical applications. According to Parexl's Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Source Book, there are currently 723 biotech drugs under FDA review (including phase â…° to iii clinical and FDA evaluation), 700 drugs are in early stage (research and preclinical). More than 200 additional drugs are in the final stage of approval (Phase iii clinical and FDA evaluation). The basic dosage form of biotech drugs is lyophilized. Although the efficacy of conventional preparations has long been clinically proven, they need to be injected frequently for a long time due to their short half-life, which is difficult to accept from the perspective of psychological and economic burden on patients. To this end, scholars around the world mainly from two aspects to study and develop convenient and reasonable drug delivery approaches and new preparations: (1) embedment agent and sustained-release injection. â‘¡ Non-injectable dosage forms, such as respiratory inhalation, rectal administration, nasal administration, oral administration and transdermal administration, etc. Injectable preparations of sustained-release biotechnological drugs are new dosage forms with promising applications. Some of them, such as microsphere injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues which can be sustained-release for 1 to 3 months, have been on the market. This paper focuses on this kind of preparations.Main types of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations The research and development of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations can be divided into two types, namely, embedment agent and microsphere injection, from the perspective of development process and dosage form. The shape of the implant is a hollow micro-fine rod, one end is closed, the other end is open, and the rod material is non-biodegradable polymer such as ptfe. The lumen was filled with a mixture of drugs and silica gel (silastic, polydimethylsiloxane). The implant is embedded under the skin, and the drug is released slowly through the opening of silica gel matrix. The American Physicians' Handbook (PDR) contains a product called Norplant? Levo-18 ethyl norethinnes, used in family planning. The preparation, each with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a length of 34 mm, is surgically implanted in the inner side of the patient's upper arm with 6 thin rods. The drug can be released in the body in zero-grade mode for up to 5 years, and then removed by surgery after release,1.1.2 Micro-osmotic pump embedding agent The United States Alza company in the 1970s developed an embedding agent shaped like a capsule, which is embedded in the skin or other parts. The body fluid can penetrate through the shell, dissolve the interlayer electrolytic layer, make the volume expansion of the interlayer pressure to the plastic inner cavity, and promote the drug solution from the opening of the fixed speed release. Many biomolecular drugs, such as insulin, heparin and nerve growth factor, have been reported as model drugs in vivo and in vitro. Implants have positive significance for the treatment of chronic patients who need long-term medication, but it has the following defects: â‘ must be surgically implanted. â‘¡ The skeleton material of the preparation is non-biodegradable polymer, which needs to be removed by surgery after release. â‘¢ The preparation has irritation and discomfort in local tissues. Evaluation methods for polypeptide protein drugs: 1. Liquid chromatography 2. Spectroscopic 3. Solvent-based versions are easy to use, but need to be kept at low temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius).
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