First, nutrition
Hericium erinaceus is a wood rot fungus, and its nutrient conditions are similar to many woody rot fungi. However, Hericium erinaceus has a strong ability to decompose wood. In the natural world, Hericium erinaceus infects wood in the central part of the trees, making the heartwood Dark, slightly brown, and then shallow, eventually causing the wood to become white and spongy.
Hericium can convert lignin and cellulose into absorbable monosaccharides during its growth and development. In addition, nitrogen nutrients and minerals and auxins in organic matter are obtained by decomposing proteins. In artificial cultivation, the carbon source is mainly hardwood sawdust, cottonseed husks, corn stalks, and corn cobs; the nitrogen nutrition source is added corn flour, bran, rice, soybean flour, etc. In addition, nitrogen can also be derived from inorganic substances. Nitrogen sources in the material, such as urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.; mineral nutrients are derived from added gypsum, lime, superphosphate, and other fertilizers.
Second, the temperature
Hericium erinaceus belongs to low-temperature-hardening fungi, but the growth temperature range is wide, 6-35 °C bacteria can grow, of which 21 °C -25 °C is the most suitable, more than 35 °C mycelium to stop growing, even death; less than 5 The hyphae go into a dormant state at °C, and the hyphae can be stored at 0-4°C for half a year. After inoculation, the mycelium can still thrive. The mycelium growth temperature is 10-33°C, and the optimum temperature is 25-28°C. The fruiting body is low-temperature robust and thermostatic, and can occur at 12-24°C, and the optimum temperature is 18-20°C. Above 22°C, the fruiting bodies grow too fast and the quality is poor; when the temperature is lower than 10°C, the fruiting bodies are not easy to form, and the fruiting bodies formed in time are also small and reddish, and the growth is slow. The fruit body morphology of Hericium erinaceus is related to temperature. When the temperature is always high, the fruit body of the fruit body is long and soft, and the length of the spines is small, and the branches are sometimes easy to produce branches; if the temperature is kept low, the fruit bodies are short, fast, and solid.
Third, the humidity
The moisture content of the Hericium erinaceus culture medium is 60-65%, mycelium grows slowly when the temperature is lower than 60%, and the mycelia is weak; when the water content is higher than 65%, the mycelium growth is inhibited, and Breeding bacteria, causing pollution, while mycelia secrete yellow water. When the fruiting body occurs, the relative humidity of the air is 80-95%, which is lower than 70%. The fruiting body shrinks and turns yellow, the development is unfavorable and the mycelium is fine. When the fruiting body occurs, long-term in 95% high humidity conditions, such as high temperatures, ventilation is not smooth, fungal growth will be very long, prone to deformed fruiting bodies.
Fourth, light
The mycelium of Hericium erinaceus can normally grow in the dark, but the fruit body must be formed and grown under the irradiation of scattered light. In general, the initial fruiting body needs weak light-induced stimulation, preferably 50-150 Lx. When the fruiting body forms a pellet, the light intensity is increased and the best effect is 200-400Lx. This light intensity can make the fruiting body white, and the bacteria grow rapidly and evenly. However, it cannot be irradiated with direct light. If the direct sunlight is too strong, the growth of fruit bodies of Hericium erinaceus will be inhibited, the mycelium will be aged, and the color will turn yellow. Therefore, artificial cultivation of Hericium erinaceus must pay attention to scattering during the formation of fruit bodies. Light irradiation, strengthen photo management.
V. Air
Hericium erinaceus is an aerobic fungus, and the growth of mycelium and fruit bodies requires oxygen. During the mycelial growth phase, the air in the culture medium can meet the respiratory needs of the mycelium because the mycelium can normally grow under a high carbon dioxide concentration and the fruit body cannot. The fruiting body is very sensitive to carbon dioxide. When the house is poorly ventilated and carbon dioxide accumulates more, the differentiation of fruiting bodies will be inhibited. The differentiated fruit bodies will also have elongation of the stipe, resulting in branching and bactericidal bending. Abnormal mushroom, but also easy to breed mold. Therefore, in the growth stage of fruiting bodies, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation management to keep fresh air inside the mushroom house.
Sixth, pH
Hericium is suitable for growth in a slightly acidic environment. Mycelium pH range is pH 3-7, the optimum value is 5. Under acidic conditions, the decomposition of organic matter can be facilitated. When the pH is greater than 7, the mycelium grows poorly, the fruiting body shrinks, and the pellets turn yellow. During the fruiting body growth phase, the optimum pH is 4.5-5.5.
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Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘ 8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.
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