(1) Irrigation winter wheat area in the North China Plain. Including Shandong Province and Tianjin City, central and southern Hebei Province, south central Beijing, north central Henan Province, Shaanxi Province Guanzhong Plain, southern Shanxi Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the growth of seedlings and the occurrence of winter frost damage, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late stages of jointing should be increased appropriately; the amount and time of topdressing should be scientifically determined according to the amount of base (basic) fertilizer application, seedling condition, temperature and soil fertility. Because of the ground, due to seedlings, and when to topdress.
(2) According to the soil moisture and water retention and fertilizer conservation capacity, the irrigation amount and time should be reasonably determined to achieve the integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Grasp the favorable opportunity for wheat to return to green, and take timely measures to promote the transformation of weak seedlings and increase the rate of ear formation; control the long field to prevent the late fall.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000. The three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth should be managed in time for fertilizer and water, and spring topdressing can be carried out twice. For the first time in the greening period, 5-8 kg of urea was applied per acre with watering; the second time was 5-10 kg of urea per acre with watering during the jointing period.
(2) Before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is between 45,000 and 600,000, and the second group of wheat fields with a small population is 10-15 kg of urea per acre combined with watering during the wheat-up period.
(3) Before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is between 60,000 and 800,000. A suitable group of wheat fields can be combined with watering for 12-15 kg per mu in the jointing stage.
(4) Before returning to green, the total number of stems per acre is more than 800,000, the color of leaves is dark green, and there is a tendency to grow. The cultivating should be carried out during the regreening period, delaying the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the population and preventing lodging. It is late with greed. Generally, 8-10 kg of urea can be applied per acre in the late stage of jointing.
(5) Wheat that is subjected to freezing damage before winter and wintering should be applied with 5-10 kg of urea immediately and watered to promote early tillering of wheat, increase the rate of tillering and reduce the loss of freezing damage.
(6) It is necessary to apply diammonium phosphate to the base fertilizer without applying phosphate fertilizer or phosphorus deficiency field. The application of potassium fertilizer or less application is recommended to apply nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer in the greening or jointing stage; combined with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses, the fertilizer should be compensated for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; there is no irrigation condition or no effective precipitation. In the spring, foliar application of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied to fertilize water.
(7) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can be sprayed on the foliar surface of wheat during grain filling to prevent dry hot air and lodging, increase grouting intensity and increase grain weight.
(8) In the wheat field of sulfur-deficient area, if the base fertilizer is not applied with superphosphate, potassium sulfate or sulfur-based compound fertilizer, the ammonium sulfate should be applied in the first topdressing, and the amount of sulfur applied per mu is about 2 kg.
(9) Many farmers do not squat after rotary tillage, resulting in deep sowing of deep seedlings, low tillering, and weak seedlings. It is recommended to apply 10-15 kg of urea during the return period.
(2) North China rain-fed winter wheat area. It includes the north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and the southeastern part of Henan Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) It is necessary to combine the suppression of the soil with the ploughing and ploughing before the wheat is returned to the green, to maintain the soil moisture, to improve the ground temperature to promote the transformation of the seedlings, and to improve the drought resistance of the wheat.
(2) Wheat fertilization should be stratified several times, not only combined with meteorology, but also applied in small amounts before and after rainfall and snowfall. Do not expose the fertilizer to the air after fertilization.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In the early spring, the soil is green or snow, and it is applied with chemical fertilizer or ditching strips. 5-7 kg of urea per acre is applied. After fertilization, the soil is covered. If the rain occurs in the middle and late stages, urea can be applied 5-8 per mu. kg. In the phosphate-deficient field, 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate is used per mu, and the potassium-deficient plot is applied to 15-20 kg of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer; after fertilization, it is covered.
(2) In order to prevent the late drought, the soil should be repressed at the appropriate time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, and the soil is removed, the soil is soiled, and the soil is protected. The suppression should be combined with the ploughing of the ploughing. Before the wheat is sealed, wheat or corn stalks are covered per acre to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(3) If the number of stems is more than 800,000 years ago, the total number of stems is more than 800,000. Due to the excessive consumption of large nutrients in the wheat population, the spring wheat seedlings are yellow or the yellowing of the gaskets, and the topdressing can be carried out 2-3 times during the greening period. , 10 kg/time of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per acre.
(4) The wheat population is too small during the wintering period (before the greening, the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, and the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth) should be timely management of fertilizer and water, and return to the jointing period. Topdressing is carried out 2-3 times, followed by rainfall of 5-8 kg/time of urea per acre.
(5) Combine with the control of sheath blight, one spray and three defenses to compensate for trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron, and spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to play the role of fertilizer.
(3) Winter wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, south of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces south of the Huaihe River.
Fertilization principle
(1) The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were warmer in the winter of last year. In many places this spring, there are many rains and snows. The local conditions and seedlings should be used to suppress or slash before the wheat is returned to the green, to protect the cold, to prevent freezing and to promote the transformation of the seedlings. To enhance the ability of wheat to resist drought and keep cold.
(2) According to the soil fertility, the application of base fertilizer, the seedling condition and the soil moisture, the amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically, and the soil is fertilized by seedlings.
(3) The combination of fertilizer and water management with drought and flood control and pest control.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Pay close attention to the weather conditions and seedlings before the wheat returns to green, especially the rainfall. If the drought persists, the weather will pick up in the early spring, the soil evaporation will increase, and the wheat seedlings will have early water supply when there is a demand for soil moisture. Pay attention to the temperature change and master the irrigation amount and time.
(2) Comprehensive judgment based on winter frost damage and group situation. If there are more large-scale frozen deaths or serious shortages of the group, the irrigation should be combined as soon as possible, and the green fertilizer should be applied to promote the large-scale springs and ensure the number of panicles.
(3) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the urea level is 6-8 kg/mu combined with the irrigation period from the start-up period to the jointing stage; the yield level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the urea is added to the jointing stage to combine the irrigation with urea 8-11. Kg/mu and potassium chloride 1-3 kg/mu; production level 400-550 kg/mu, from the period of the body to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, 11-16 kg/mu of urea and 3-5 kg/mu of potassium chloride; The production level is 550 kg/mu or more. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied at 17-20 kg/mu and the potassium chloride is 3-5 kg/mu.
(4) In some areas where trace elements are scarce, it is recommended to combine the “one spray three preventions†and the control of pests and weeds (aphids and scab) to spray trace elements in wheat jointing, booting and filling stages. Fertilization; and in the wheat filling period, 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5 to 1 kg of urea and 50 kg of water for foliar application.
(4) Rain-fed and dry-growing winter wheat area in the northwest. Including northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing, southern Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most of Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, western Henan Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, eastern Gansu Province.
Fertilization principle
(1) Pre-sowage wheat and winter drought in the northwestern part of the country were more adequate. Last spring, we should repress or plan the wheat before returning to the green, improve the seedlings, and enhance the drought resistance of the wheat. , cold, anti-freeze, anti-spring drought.
(2) In response to the situation of the seedlings, seize the opportunity, carry out the early spring topping and chemical regulation, and promote the combination of control to ensure stable production and increase production of dryland wheat.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) In order to prevent post-rain drought, dryland wheat should take effective water conservation measures in time to prevent and reduce the loss of soil moisture before the early spring wheat closure. Relieve or slash at the right time before the soil is thawed and returned to green, remove the filth, solidify the soil, and provide protection. For dry land that has been overwintered with winter water, it will be drawn early before thawing and returning to green, breaking the knot and eliminating cracks. Before the wheat is sealed, 200-300 kg of wheat or corn stalks per acre can be covered between rows to reduce the evaporation loss of soil moisture.
(2) In the field where the fertilizer is insufficiently invested, it is necessary to grasp the timing of the rain and timely carry out the wheat early spring topdressing. The nitrogen-deficient field uses 5-7 kg of urea per acre, and the phosphate-poor field uses 7-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre, and is applied to the soil by a fertilizer applicator (耧). Dry land with irrigation conditions, combined with spring irrigation, 6-8 kg of urea per acre of nitrogen-deficient fields, and 8-10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre of phosphate-poor field.
(3) In the winter before the sowing, the amount of fertilization is high, and it is necessary to promote the combination. In dry land without irrigation conditions, it is necessary to suppress the shovel and protect the raft as soon as possible. In the dry land where the winter water is poured, the water should be drawn early and the spring watering should be postponed until the late jointing stage.
(4) Fields that are planted late and have weak seedlings should be combined with Baoyu as early as possible to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of weak seedlings.
(5) Northwestern irrigation wheat area. It is mainly based on spring wheat, including central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, central and western Gansu Province, eastern Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Fertilization principle
(1) Determine the target yield according to soil fertility, reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, supplement the potassium fertilizer, and supplement the micro-fertilizer in an appropriate amount.
(2) Adding organic fertilizer, the whole amount of straw will return to the field and fertilize the soil, and promote organic and inorganic cooperation.
(3) "N, P, K and K, early application of base fertilizer, skillful application of top dressing." Guarantee Miao Qi, Miao Quan. Appropriate topdressing, to prevent the wheat from overwhelming in the early stage, and later to reduce fertilizer and reduce production.
(4) Fertilization should be effectively combined with irrigation. Emphasis is placed on early application of base fertilizer, machine sowing fertilizer, top dressing before irrigation, and application of zinc and boron micro-fertilizers at the booting stage.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 300-400 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 10-25 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 400-550 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-35 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 15-20 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 550 kg/mu or more, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, combined with irrigation, the urea is applied 15-20 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 300 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu. From the start-up period to the jointing stage, the urea is applied 5-10 kg/mu. (Source: Ministry of Agriculture)
This article URL: 2016 spring wheat science fertilization technical guidance
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