Fermenting Organic Fertilizer to Develop New Bitter Gourd Varieties

November 21, 2022

The bitter gourd is not only nutritious, but also has a high medicinal value because of its bitter cold, detoxification and detoxification, and is one of the vegetables that people like to eat. The yield of a new type of bitter gourd is about 3,000 kilograms per mu because of its prosperous growth and disease resistance. Strong, high-yield, excellent quality, long harvest time, good product performance, the price of 2.4 ~ 5.2 yuan / kg, more and more by the planting users of the pro-Lai. During the planting period, the substrate nutrient soil fermented with the microbial fermentation agent and thoroughly fermented organic fertilizer play a vital role.
I. Variety characteristics

The bitter gourd plant grows vigorously and has strong branching ability. The first female flower was born in the twelfth to fifteenth sections. There are many female flowers. The melons have strong ability to stand, and the sticks are strong. The melon skin is green, shiny, and smooth.é²‹ é²‹ çŽ» çŽ» çŽ» é¥£ 9 9 9 Milling 6-35 cm, horizontal diameter of 6 cm, meat thickness of 1 cm, 500 grams of single melon, meat crisp and bitter, excellent quality. It took 15 days from flowering to commercial melon harvesting. Quality test of the Center Laboratory of the relevant Academy of Sciences, vitamin content 55.9 mg/100 g fresh weight, crude protein content 0.58%, moisture content 95.1%

Second, the breeding techniques

1, seed processing

Bitter gourd seed shell is hard, often using warm water to invade and invade the seed. Invasive warm water: Put the seeds in warm water of 55 degrees, keep the water temperature invading for 15 minutes, wash at room temperature, and then invade at room temperature for 8 to 10 hours to kill germs on the seed surface. Drug infestation: inoculate with clean water for 1 to 2 hours, put 75% of chlorothalonil-requirable powder in 800 times solution and soak for 10 minutes, remove and wash, then invade in room temperature water for 8 to 10 hours, mainly Anti-bitterweed wilt and anthrax.

2, germination

Remove the seed after infestation, wash it off with clean water, wrap it in a clean gauze, place it in a thermostatic chamber at 25-30 degrees Celsius, and bind the wrapped seeds to the person's waist without any conditions. Germination. Before the seeds germinate, flush with water once a day. Remove surface mucus to prevent moldy rot and promote germination.

3, the preparation of nursery soil

Fermentation substrate nutrient soil: 1 stockpiled heap. First deciduous broad-leaved trees or crop stalks, grass 10 cubic meters, respectively, piled up into large piles, must be done side heap, side suppression, try to reduce the size (husk, bark can be made of raw materials for fermentation); 2 with nutrient solution. Then use 2.5 kg of urea to 150 ~ 200 kg of water made of urea water, evenly sprinkled on the leaf pile, the moisture content of the fermented heap is required to reach 60 ~ 65%. This process is to give the microorganisms "N" nutrient solution (microbiological self-propagation requires "nitrogen", "carbon" and other nutrients, urea contains "nitrogen" high). 3 seed vaccination. After soaking in urea water, cover the air-permeable cover and place it naturally for 24 hours. The next day, mix 2 kg of Kinboshi Substrate Fertilizer Fermentation Bacteria and 5 kg of rice bran into a batch of bacteria (ie put 2 kg of The starter was "diluted" into 7 kg of material, more easily distributed and at the same time provided nutrients for the bacteria species. It was evenly sprinkled in piled leaves of broadleaved trees or crop stalks and grass piles. This process is called "inoculation" (that is, mixing the above-mentioned other materials with the Kimber's microbial fermentation inoculum into the heap, and the microbiological engineering technique is called "inoculation"). 4 stamped overturned. After covering the species, cover the air-permeable cover on top of the large pile and shading and shelter from the rain. Under normal circumstances, after the start of the fermentation process, after 5 to 10 days of fermentation, the temperature can reach 55 ~ 60 Â°C above, then flip once, cumulative 2 or 3 times to complete the fermentation.

The nursery soil can also be made of fertile pastoral soil that has not been planted with cucurbitaceous vegetables. The soil is dried and sieved and then mixed with the fermented organic fertilizer in a ratio of 7:3. One cubic meter of seedling soil can be mixed with potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. 2 kg, 3 kg of superphosphate and 100 g of thiophanate-methyl.

4, sowing

Raise seedlings substrate or nursery soil with seedlings or nutrient solution, put the seeds after germination on one side of each hole or lay it flat in a 2 cm deep nursery hole, cover the nutrient soil, gently compact, and drench the bottom water. The amount of mu is 250 to 300 grams.

5. Seedling management

The seedbed is mainly covered with a plastic film covering a small arch shed, and the temperature is preferably controlled at 20 to 30 degrees during the day, 15 to 20 degrees at night, and kept moist. Seedlings should not be over-fertilized, according to seedling growth, apply thin fertilizer 1 to 2 times, with 0.2% to 0.3% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer water pouring. For damping-off at seedling stage, blight, available badewing, propamocarb and other prevention and treatment.

6, planting

Site preparation applies base fertilizer. The variety has a wide adaptability to the soil, and it can be grown from sandy loam soil with only viscous soil, and grows better in fertile and loamy loam and yields high. Planting before cultivating deeply, Mushi high-fermented organic fertilizer 2,000 kg, potassium phosphate compound fertilizer 50 kg, superphosphate 30 ~ 40 kg, fertilizer to be spread evenly, and then deep-cultivation most wow, wow package ditch 160 ~ 180 cm.

Fermentation organic fertilizer method: 1 dosage. 1 to 1.5 tons of organic material (about 2.5 to 3.5 tons of fresh material) plus 1 kg of Kinpo Fertilizer Fermentation, mixing and fermentation can be. However, carbon/nitrogen (ie, C/N), which is relatively difficult to ferment, bark, sawdust, rice husks and other materials, should be increased by an appropriate amount, with 2 kg of fermentative agent per ton of material as well. Dilution: Add 5 to 10 kg of rice bran (or substitutes such as bran and corn flour) per kilogram of Fermented Fermenter Fertilizer, mix evenly, dilute it, and then spread it evenly into the material pile. The use effect will be better. 2 mix ventilation. The fermentative agent is a good (consumed) oxygen microorganism, so it should increase the oxygen supply measures, so that mixing, diligent turning, ventilation is appropriate. Otherwise it will lead to anaerobic fermentation and produce odor, affect the effect; 3 carbon and nitrogen ratio. The C/N ratio of the fermentation material is maintained at 20-25:1, and the pH is adjusted to 6-8; 4 moisture. The moisture of the fermentation material should be controlled at 60 to 65%. Moisture judgment: grasp a handful of material, see the water does not drip, landing is suitable for casual. Slow fermentation of water, poor water ventilation, but also lead to "corrupt bacteria" work and produce odor; 5 temperature. The starting temperature should be better than 15 Â°C, fermentation temperature control is appropriate below 70 Â°C. 6 complete. Chicken feces, cattle, rabbits and other feces can be fermented within one week. Sawdust wood chips take a little longer. During the medium term, there was a large amount of white mycelium in the heap for normal fermentation. In the later period, the temperature no longer changed, the powdery material was dark brown, light straw such as straw straw was broken, and the fermentation product was slightly sprinkled with aroma or earthy taste, indicating that the fermentation was completed.

Planting time: Usually choose cloudy days and early evening planting, sunny days before 10 am, set up seedlings, and poured enough water.

Colonization specifications: Care should be taken when raising seedlings, seedlings should not be scattered, nursery bags should be taken off after transplanting, single-row colonization should be used, plant spacing is 100-120 cm, and 300-350 strains of flat seedlings are planted.

The use of microbial fertilizer fermentation auxiliaries to produce nutritious soil and fermented organic fertilizer, has a fast fermentation, good fermentation, both high temperature fermentation, low temperature fermentation, greatly reducing the production time and reduce costs. And it can promote plant absorption and prevent burned roots from sprouting. It is the best choice for cultivating seedlings. For details, please contact: Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd. Telephone toll-free hotline Factory Taobao Shop For microbial fermentation, please click: http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?spm=a1z10.5.w4002-4533113376.11.BeyU50&id= 24949900973