The continuous improvement of breeds is the premise and basis for improving farm production and increasing economic efficiency. Whether it is a newly-built pig farm or an old pig farm, it is necessary to formulate scientific introduction schemes and manage the introduction of breeding pigs. Based on years of experience in pig farm management, the author talks about the individual’s understanding of this issue for peer reference.
First, according to the size and type of farms to develop introduction plan
The plan content can include the target field background, breeding pig market situation, introduction batch, species, quantity, time, capital and expense budget (breeding pig, transportation, travel, handling fee, etc.), introduction of pig breeding sites, health care measures, etc. The work of the responsible person and related links. At present, there are mainly three types of pig farms introduced. One is a newly-built pig farm, followed by the expansion and expansion of pig farms, and the third is currently normal production of pig farms.
For newly-built pig farms, it is recommended that the introduction plan be determined according to the scale of production, especially the number of introductions and the introduction time. For example, if the design capacity is 10,000 pig farms, 18 pigs per sow will need to produce about 560 sows (10,000/18), and calculate the fertility rate of 85% per head per year. Monthly mating (560*2.2/12/0.85) 120 tires (head), taking into account that the new pig farms are allocated pigs from gilts, and the new pig farms are often built first fattening pighouses (to facilitate early introduction, early production, early slaughter ), determine the number of introductions (560/0.85/120) 5 times, each introduced (560/0.85/5) 130. Of course, if there are sufficient pens and sufficient number of breeding pigs with suitable body weight gradients for selection, the number of increments may be reduced to reduce the introduction cost so that the breeding program can be adjusted according to the body weight and the situation of the estrus.
For pig farms introduced only for supplementation, it is recommended that the time and amount of introduction be determined according to the elimination and updating. The elimination rate of the production sows in general commodity farms is 25% to 30%, and the elimination rate of production boars is 30% to 40%. Taking 10,000 pig farms as an example, 160 or so sow sows will be renewed each year. About 190 gilts will be introduced and 12 reserve gilts will be introduced in 3 batches (November, July and March). 68 heads. When determining the introduction time, pig peak price, epidemic high incidence period and high temperature season should be avoided, and the influence of high temperature and cold on the performance of breeding pigs should be considered. For the expansion of pig farms, introduction can be combined with new and normal production to determine the number of introductions.
Second, the choice of target field
After formulating the introduction plan, we must first clearly introduce the situation of the regions and target fields, and try not to introduce them from different farms. Requirements for introduction areas: Non-epidemic areas (within 3km from the epidemic point) or threatened areas (within 10kg from the epidemic). The government attaches great importance to breed improvement work, production level, and slaughter areas. Requirements for the target farm: Kind of livestock and poultry production and operation licenses; new breeds, large groups, able to meet the requirements for introduction of varieties and quantities; new hardware and equipment, perfect immunization system, and advanced facilities; farm operation and management, production level High; There is no major animal epidemic in the near future; strong technical force, high integrity; after-sales service improvement; moderate price positioning, improve the system. It is recommended to consult with people in the industry before introducing the product.
Third, make preparations for breeding pigs
After determining the target site, don't forget to prepare a closed isolation farm that is thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, dried, and away from the production group (1~3km) for the breeding pigs. It is best to install a drinking and dosing device for the pigs, ready to unload the pig and Special sterilizing tools, ready for feed, and arranging special personnel to take charge of the relevant work in the area of ​​separation.
Fourth, the choice of reserve breeding pigs
The selection and cultivation of reserve breeding pigs is a systematic project, which is the basis and key to the sustainable production of pig farms. The overall requirements for selection of breeding pigs are: health, good growth and development, conformity to breed characteristics and different species requirements. Selection points for gilts: Basic requirements for selection of reproductive performance, lactation performance, and maternal well-being, taking into consideration body appearance, growth performance, and carcass traits. The nipples, limbs, hoofs, and overall growth and development are required to be good. The vulva is sagging, lively and stress-responsive, and the fore chest is open and the abdominal circumference is obvious. The compatriots themselves have no hereditary diseases and the signs of heat are obvious. When selecting the weight, the need for isolation and adaptation of the reproductive system should be taken into account. The sow’s body weight is generally 50–60 kg. When selecting breeding pigs, the breeding farm must go through the stages of initial selection, weaning selection, conservation period selection, breeding period selection, and reserve period selection to determine different selection criteria and requirements. The general stage to the client's selection is in the later stages of development. The main points for the selection of reserve boars are the basic selection requirements of body appearance, growth performance, and carcass traits. The sexual desire is good and the breeding performance is taken into account. Requires lower feed and meat ratio, faster daily weight gain, higher lean meat ratio, thinner backsuckers, well-developed limbs, strong libido, no genetic disorder, good testis development, open chest, flat back, moderate abdominal circumference, prepuce There is no obvious accumulation of urine, little stress response, and obvious male characteristics. Note that it is necessary to require the target farm to provide a complete breeding pedigree file, certification of breeding pigs, immunization against immunizations, production and marketing of breeding livestock and poultry, and related technical data.
V. Loading and transportation of breeding pigs
First of all, it is necessary to handle relevant formalities, such as introducing licenses, quarantine certificates, disinfection certificates, etc., and issuing invoices.
Shipping requirements: Ensure that the breeding pigs are safely on the field and minimize the loss caused by transportation.
The requirements for the shipment of vehicles: legitimate, well-functioning vehicles and vehicles with small fences to prevent damage caused by braking, fighting, etc., with a tarpaulin and ample height of the back shed. At present, there are professional transportation vehicles in the country. The vehicle is equipped with ventilation cooling devices, drinking water devices, and loading and unloading lifting consoles. It is recommended that professional pig transport vehicles be selected for shipment.
Before loading the pigs, thoroughly clean the loading vehicles and supplies, sterilize them after drying, and disinfect the pigs with a disinfecting machine before placing the pigs. Spread straw, sawdust and other litter. For the breeding farms, it is best to have the sales department responsible for this link.
Pig loading: Determine the number of heads per column based on the size of the pig and the number of columns before loading. In order to reduce the occurrence of prolapse and stress syndrome, breeding pigs should be restricted before transportation, and the selected breeding pigs can be injected with anti-stress drugs. Long-distance transport of pig transport vehicles should be equipped with two drivers alternately drive, should try to drive the highway, to avoid traffic jams, driving should avoid sudden braking. When loading pigs, try to use the pig-racing board and do not beat the pigs to prevent the chance of infection due to trauma. During the transportation, some irritability pigs can be injected with a small amount of sedatives to prevent pigs from fighting each other and causing damage. Because pigs are susceptible to stress during transport, it is best to have veterinarians walk with the car and bring them with them for emergency use.
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