A few days ago, farmers in Jingyuan County, Gansu province had inquired and asked: When silage is used, feed moldy and spoilage sometimes occurs, and silage is a cause of mildew. How can we improve the quality of silage? To this end, we asked the Senior Animal Pastor Cheng Wending of Gansu Provincial Prairie Technology Promotion Station. He said that in order to make silage, it is necessary to do a good job in the following aspects to improve the quality of silage.
Install the kiln quickly. When the temperature of the material is between 25°C and 33°C, the lactic acid bacteria will multiply and quickly occupy the dominant position, and other bacteria will not be able to reproduce, thus making the silage successful. When the feed temperature reaches 50°C, butyric acid bacteria are actively bred and the sterilizing materials are odorized. At the same time, nutrients are also largely lost. The reasons for the temperature increase: First, the stamping is not true, the excess air in the raw materials; second, weeding, loading slow. The increase of air and the prolongation of time have resulted in a strong ammoniaification of raw materials, resulting in an increase in temperature and propagation of miscellaneous bacteria. For this reason, in the silage, to be shipped with, with, and with the cellar. Each cellar must not be filled more than 1 day - 2 days. The crushed raw materials are loaded into the cellar layer by layer. Each 20 cm can be compacted by a person, and special attention should be paid to compacting the cell walls and corners. With such a quick and fast installation, the air in the pits can be eliminated, and an oxygen-deficient state can be quickly formed, which will facilitate the propagation of lactic acid bacteria.
Raw water content should be appropriate. The water content suitable for lactic acid bacteria breeding is about 70%. 70% of the water content was comparable to the period of 3 to 5 dry leaves under the corn plants. After smashing, the raw material is held in the hand, and water droplets ooze out of the fingertips without dripping to a suitable moisture content. Water shortage Silage is not easy to compact, air is not easy to discharge, and the temperature in the pit increases rapidly. Humidity is not enough. Appropriate amount of water can be added to chopped silage materials, or mixed with other water-rich materials (such as sugar beet, sugar beet pulp, etc.); the original liquid juice in silage plants can be easily squeezed out, or silage plants The formation of sticky masses will also cause butyric acid fermentation. Therefore, silage materials can be properly air-laid or some crushed dry materials (such as bran, grass powder, etc.) can be added to make the water content suitable.
The raw material must contain certain sugars. The silage must contain a certain amount of sugar, because the lactic acid bacteria are divided into nutrients by the sugar in the plant, which is closely related to the rapid formation of lactic acid seedlings and guarantees the quality of the silage. The sugar content of the sterilized material is generally not less than 1% to 1.5% of the weight of the fresh material. Corn stems, leaves, ears and potato vines contain enough sugars and are easily silaged. Other raw materials, such as potato seedlings and peanut vines, contain less sugar and are not easily silageable alone. It must be mixed according to the plant's different sugar content and other feeds. If the silage contains protein-rich legumes, 5% to 10% rice bran or wheat bran can be added to increase the sugar content and improve the quality of the silage.
Silage raw materials should be clean. When harvesting silage materials, choose sunny weather as much as possible to prevent contamination of the soil, as the soil contains many mold and butyric acid bacteria. Stacking and cutting sites must be cleaned in advance, and the ground should be disinfected or sprinkled with quicklime. Plastic sheets can also be spread to prevent mixing of too much soil.
Appropriate use of additives. In order to improve the quality and nutritional level of silage, additives can be used in the raw materials. Feeding urea into the silage of cattle and sheep can be added. The amount of corn husk added is preferably 0.3%. Salt-enriched silage is eaten by all kinds of livestock and can be added 0.1% to 0.15% of the total amount of raw materials during silage. The addition of a phosphoric acid additive enables rapid acidification of the silage material and prevents the propagation of harmful butyric acid bacteria and spoilage microorganisms. In addition, the rapid acidification of silage inhibits the action of enzymes and promotes the preservation of proteins such as proteins.
The pit should be sealed. The filling material must be 30 cm to 40 cm higher than the kiln mouth, so that it has a middle height and a low circumference. The circular cellar is a skull shape, and the rectangular cellar has an arc-shaped roof. The top of the cavern shall not contain less than 40 cm of soil, and then be observed with good mud. After discovering cracks and subsidence, fill the soil in time to prevent air and rainwater from entering.
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