Wireless sleep apnea monitoring system
Foreword
Sleep apnea is a very common form of sleep-disordered breathing. According to research, about 24% of adult males and 9% of adult females or more than 2 million people in the United States suffer from this disease. At least 350,000 people in Taiwan, China. There is also this problem.
It is generally diagnosed whether a patient has sleep apnea means that the total number of apneas and hypopneas during sleep exceeds 5 times per hour. Among them, apnea refers to the disappearance of respiratory air flow for more than 10 seconds during sleep. Low ventilation means that the respiratory airflow does not stop completely, but only reduces to 20% to 50% of the original, while the blood oxygen concentration drops by more than 4%. disorder. At present, doctors often use nighttime sleep breathing multiple physiological monitors in the diagnosis of sleep apnea to record the sleep cycle of the whole night, including the number of apneas and the number of times of breathing, type, hypoxia index, number of times, changes in electrocardiogram , nasal and nasal airflow, chest and abdomen breathing exercise, ear edema blood oxygen and other signals recorded, the number of snoring and so on. Although the use of nighttime sleep breathing multiple physiological monitors are accurate, but need to wear a variety of instruments on the body, must also be operated by a professional in a specific hospital to measure, very inconvenient and easy to affect the patient's sleep, so not suitable Do long-term monitoring. Therefore, the general patient will not go into the hospital for this examination unless it reaches a very serious level. What's more, sleep breathing multiple physiological monitors are an expensive instrument. Generally, patients do not buy and measure at home, so it is difficult to achieve universality. The system mainly develops a monitoring system that is simple to use, less perceptible, low in price and suitable for long-term monitoring in a home sleep environment, to help the doctor understand the patient's condition, and to provide a doctor to follow up the treatment process. Improve the situation.
Research method and system design
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the system. The system is composed of (1) physiological parameter meter and (2) physiological parameter analyzer. The physiological parameter meter includes a physiological signal sensing device and a microcontroller. The physiological parameter analyzer uses the Bluetooth wireless module to receive the physiological parameter data measured by the physiological meter, analyzes it, and displays it with an affinity operation screen to provide a physiological physiological change of the patient.
Figure 1 Block diagram of wireless sleep apnea surveillance system
Physiological parameter meter
Physiological signal sensing device
The sensing component used for heartbeat changes is a light sensor, which mainly utilizes the blood flow and blood oxygen concentration in the blood vessel when the human heart contracts. The system uses a light coupler (CNY70) to detect changes in blood flow at the end of the blood vessel using light reflection. Figure 2 shows the internal architecture and operation principle of the optical coupler CNY70.
Figure 2 Internal structure and operating principle of optical coupler CNY70
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