Potato, alias potato, also called potato. Autumn potato is one of the major late autumn crops in our county, and it is also a late autumn crop with a high commodity rate. In particular, the straw-covered autumn potato not only has the characteristics of labor saving, time saving, cost saving, productivity increase, and efficiency increase, but also has important significance for increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, fertility, and increasing farmer income. For this reason, I The county has vigorously promoted the technology of straw-covered autumn potatoes as an important way to increase agricultural production and farmers' income.
The new technology of paddy-straw-less straw-covered potato planting is that after rice is harvested, the paddy field is no-tillage, and it is ditched and planted directly. The planting potatoes are placed on the soil surface and covered with straw, with proper fertilization and management measures. Harvesting fresh potatoes is a provincial-scale, high-yield and efficient potato light cultivation technique.
1. Preparation of straw plots for straw cultivation Potatoes should be selected for deep plowing, loose soil, well-drained and organic-rich neutral or slightly acidic rice fields. Rice piles after harvesting should not be too high or too low, preferably 15-20 cm. Before the planting, the ditch shall be ditched, and the width shall be determined according to the length of the straw and the quality of the drainage. Generally, it shall be 1.3-1.5m, the ditch shall be 20-25cm wide, and the ditch shall be 15cm deep. The soil dug up during ditching should not be piled on the ditch. It should be thrown evenly in the middle of the ditch, and the surface of the clams should be formed into a bow-back shape to facilitate drainage. Appropriate weeding before sowing, but no herbicide.
2. Seed preparation
1 species selection. Generally, potato varieties with rapid potato tuber enlargement, early tuberculosis, short growth period, and disease resistance are selected. For example, Dongnong 303, Zhongshu No. 3, Kexin No. 4, Feiwuriei and others.
2 potato slices. The potato chips are cut before germination to save the potato species and break the dormancy. Less than 40g of whole potato seed germination, more than 40g of potato cuttings to germination, to ensure that each cut in about 30-40g, there are more than one robust buds, incision from the bud more than 1cm, after cutting with 50% more bacteria Soak WP 300 times for about 5 minutes and allow to dry.
3 potato germination. The germination can be done in a hotbed, in a greenhouse or covered with a thin film, or it can be soaked with a solution of 85% gibberellin, 1 gram of water and 100 kg of water for 15 minutes, and then germinated with wet sand and a layer of soil or sand can be placed on the layer of potatoes. Can be stacked up to 3-4 layers, too thick will hurt buds. During the germination period, the temperature of 15-18°C is maintained. If the temperature is too high, the buds will be slender; it is also not suitable for watering, and the humidity is too high to be easy to rotten. After about 2 cm in length, the shoots can be sowed.
3. Sowing
1 sowing time. Spring potatoes should be planted from late January to early February, and autumn potatoes should be sown in late August.
2 sowing and density. When seeding, the seed potatoes lie flat on the surface of the pods, and the buds are directed downward (close to the ground) and pressed slightly to make the seed potatoes fully in contact with the soil. Generally 1m wide, broadcast 3 lines, width 1.4m, broadcast 5 lines. Leave 20cm on both sides and plant 5000-5500 plants per acre.
4. Fertilization. Potatoes have a short growing period. Base fertilizer should be applied at one time and no fertilizer. Each mu of cooked manure 1500-2000 kilograms of manure, compost manure 500-700 kilograms, Sanyuan granules compound fertilizer 50-55 kilograms as base fertilizer. Fertilizers can be applied to the seedlings and can also be applied to the seed potatoes. The compound fertilizer should be applied between the rows 5 cm away from the seed potatoes. The compound fertilizers should not be in direct contact with or excessively close to the seed potatoes so as to prevent them from being damaged. Lack of seedlings.
5. Cover grass. Immediately after the planting of the potato, it is covered with straw and evenly (about 3 acres of straw in 1 mu of potato field). The two-way cover is used in the direction perpendicular to the sorghum surface. About 1250 kg of straw is used per mu, leaving no gaps. The thickness is generally 10-12cm. Straw is too thick and not only late
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