(I) Historical sources
According to the “Khitan Chronicle†records, before the AD 872, after the victory of the Yelu Abao Machine of the Liao Dynasty, the watermelon harvested in Xinjiang was brought back to the Liaodu Shangjing (near Heishui Town) for cultivation. Due to the sandy soil in Heishui, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the drought is very suitable for the growth of watermelon. In this way, the watermelon in Xinjiang has been rooted in the black water in the northeast, and it has been planted till now. It can be seen that the blackwater region is planted. Watermelon has a history of more than 1000 years. Due to the suitable growth environment and climatic soil characteristics in Heishui, Blackwater Watermelon has developed a unique taste and quality. It has undergone the cultivation and improvement of the working people. The watermelon grown in this area is large, thin, and red. Brilliant, succulent, refreshing, sweet with sweetness, brittle in soft, sugary in the sand, famous for its full house-like aroma. In the historical development, people have been repeatedly accepted by the public. Sales volume has gradually increased. At the same time, the planting area has also expanded. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, it has become an indispensable treasure for the imperial court and the Imperial Palace to quench the heat and quench the thirst of the Mid-Autumn Festival. During the period of the Republic of China, Heishui watermelon was a must-have fruit for the Northeast Warlords such as Zhang Zuolin, Wu Junsheng, and Mongolian prince Zasaktu. After the liberation, the melon farmers in the Heishui region inherited traditions and cultivated them so that this ancient melon seed was continuously renewed and improved. The watermelons produced were not only large in size, but also had high yields, early maturation, delicious colors, sweet and delicious, and were resistant to storage. The popularity of watermelons has continued to increase, attracting many domestic and foreign merchants. In 1970, the largest watermelon planted in Wuyi Village of Heishui Town reached 24 kg, and the Panan County Government sent it to the Chairman Mao by packing it. Therefore, Heishui Watermelon was selected as a special product for Zhongnanhai and it was the Party and the State. Leaders relieving heat and quenching thirst and treasures on the state banquet won the reputation of "reappointment in the Zhongnanhai."
(b) Product popularity and production and sales.
1, the origin of the black water watermelon name. According to the records of "Fujian History", in 1914, Wutai, king of Inner Mongolia's Zassaktu county, defected (departed for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia), and guarded Liao (present-day Weinan) to make Wu Junsheng enlisted. When it was midsummer, due to long distances and inadequate supplies, the soldiers were very hungry and thirsty, and their combat effectiveness was greatly affected. Wu Junsheng could not do anything. Military staff advises that the black water of the Liao Liao is a place rich in watermelons. Blackwater watermelon can be used to solve the pressing problem. Wu Junsheng was overjoyed after hearing that the staff was assigned to transfer watermelons to Heishui. When Blackwater Watermelon was sent to soldiers, it not only quenched hunger and thirst, but also relieved the soldiers of heat and relieved the heat. The spirit of the army was invigorated, the momentum was greatly increased, and the fighting power was increased. After the victory of the Pingjang Campaign, Wu Junsheng praised: “Blackwater Watermelon "outstanding! As a result, “Blackwater Watermelon†ravaged the whole army and became famous. People called black watermelon in blackwater. There is a historical record for the name of the Black Watermelon originated from the third section of Agriculture in the "Funan City Chronicle" and the third section of vegetables and melons. The original text is: In 1939, Blackwater Watermelon has been well-known, with a large, thin, sweet and refreshing. In addition to sales, it is still a good thing for the officials to have fun, watch the moon, and pay tribute.
2. Blackwater Watermelon Awards. Through the hard work of the working people of the past and the research and cultivation of Heishui watermelon, at present, the Heishui watermelon production area has become a provincial agricultural standardization demonstration area. In 1971, Heishui watermelon was evaluated as a specialty fruit by the Jilin Provincial Fruit Conference. In 1972, the watermelon planting conference of Jilin Province was held in Zhaoan County. The participating agricultural experts highly praised “Blackwater Watermelonâ€. In March 1998, "Blackwater Watermelon" was awarded "Jilin Famous Brand" by the Jilin Provincial Government. In 2000, "Blackwater Watermelon" was awarded the "Beijing Gold Award for International Agricultural Food Expo"; in 2003, Heishui Watermelon was still in the international (Changchun) Appeared at the Agricultural Fair. As the Blackwater Watermelon was full of fragrant house, it was never forgotten to be eaten. Recognized and praised by the participating experts, the reputation of Blackwater Watermelon was further praised. In 2001 and 2011, "Blackwater Watermelon" won the "Changchun Agricultural Fair Gold Award" twice; in 2006, "Blackwater Watermelon" was awarded a certificate of pollution-free agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture. "Blackwater Watermelon" has stepped out of the province and it has been recognized by the majority of consumers.
3, product sales.
Heishui watermelon has always occupied a large market share in the west of Jilin Province, and the products are exported to Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. After the reform and opening up, with the deepening of the market economy, Heishui watermelon out of the Northeast, sales to most parts of the country. In 2003, Heishui Town built the largest watermelon trading market in Northeast China covering an area of ​​30,000 square meters. In the watermelon sales season every year, watermelon merchants from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and Heilongjiang gathered in Heishui to sell Heishui watermelons throughout the country. Due to the unique quality and high popularity of Blackwater Watermelon, the price of Blackwater Watermelon is higher than the average of 0.20 Yuan/kg of watermelon produced in other regions. However, it is still in short supply. At present, the annual trading volume of Blackwater Watermelon is maintained at more than 200,000 tons, with a transaction volume of more than 200 million yuan.
(C) Development status.
From the beginning of the year 872 AD, after the victory of the Yelu Abao Machine in the Western Expedition, the watermelons of Xinjiang were brought back to the Liaodu Shangjing area (near Heishui Town) for cultivation and cultivation. After several generations of meticulous cultivation of working people, the watermelons of Heishui were made. The unique taste and quality have been formed, and it has been recognized by the public. At the same time, the planting area has also been continuously expanding. During the middle and late Qing Dynasty, it gradually became a tribute to the fruit of Daguan and the fruits of the palace and the palace. In 1970, the largest watermelon variety in Wuyi Village of Heishui Town reached 24 kg. Pan'an County mailed it to Chairman Mao and won the reputation of "Qingnanhai Dispels Summer Heat." In 1982, after implementing the contract responsibility system for rural households with joint production, rural productivity was liberated and labor productivity was improved. Hessian watermelons in Heishui also developed by leaps and bounds. From the previous quarter, melons grew into early, middle, and late-season melons. It will be expanded year by year and will be promoted to Anding Town, Erlong Township, Datong Township, Cheli Township, Changliuhe Township, Dongfanghong Livestock Farm, Maize Double Exchange Farm, 467 Horse Farm in the same latitude and longitude as Heishui Town. Xiangyang Street Office and Xinfu Subdistrict Office. After the emergence of a small arched shed and a small arch of double-film watermelon cultivation techniques, early-maturing watermelons have been in the city for nearly a month earlier than before, and late-maturing watermelons can reach the end of October, and the watermelon trading period has reached more than 100 days. Every time when a large number of watermelons are on the market, the watermelon trading market is full of people and people, and the black water watermelons that make up the car are continuously transported from the trading market to all parts of the country.
Thanks to the attention of successive party committees and governments and the joint efforts of the people in the city, Heishui watermelon has gradually grown and expanded, achieving large-scale production and diversified varieties. The planting area of ​​watermelons has reached more than 4,500 hectares in 2011, involving more than 6,000 households. The hectare yield is about 50 tons. The watermelon industry has become an important pillar product for promoting economic development in the region, and has driven Guaran farmers to become rich.
Fourth, product quality characteristics
(a) sensory features
The characteristics of Blackwater Watermelon is: large, thin skin, reddish color, juicy and refreshing, sweet with sweet, soft and crispy, sugary in the sand, full house that is fragrant.
(B) Physical and chemical characteristics
Each 100 grams of watermelon contains 0.6 to 0.8 grams of protein, 5.8 to 6.2 grams of carbohydrate (sugar), 0.3 to 04 grams of crude fiber, and 92.5 to 93.3 grams of water.
V. The relationship between the product's quality characteristics and the region
(I) Geographic location
The product protection area is located in the east of Daxinganling and the western edge of Songnen Plain. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The western part of the Daxing'an Mountains formed a low mountain area with an average elevation of 250-350 meters. The middle part is plain and the two rivers run through the whole territory. It is longitude 121o38' to 123o20' east and latitude 45o2' to 46o1' north. The jurisdiction is northwest and southeast, with an area of ​​5,103 square kilometers. Jurisdiction over 2 established towns, 6 townships and 2 offices. The city currently has 260,000 hectares of cultivated land and 230,000 hectares of grassland.
(b) Climate characteristics
The protected area belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate zone. The average annual rainfall of 397.3 mm, an average of 3005 hours of sunshine, the maximum temperature of 36.6 °C, the minimum temperature of -29 °C, the annual average temperature of 4.8 °C. The rainfall is mainly concentrated in July and August, with an average rainfall of 218.9 mm. It accounts for 59% of the annual precipitation. The northwest wind prevails all the year round, with an average wind speed of 4.2m/s. Winds above class 8 have an average of 19 days, and most years reach 36 days. Most of them occur in spring. The frost-free period is 136 days, with a maximum of 149 days and a minimum of 118 days. It is characterized by large temperature difference and strong seasonality. It is characterized by dry and windy weather in spring, short and hot summer, and long cold and little snow in winter.
(III) Soil Characteristics
The protected area soil is mainly alkaline sandy soil. The soil organic matter content is 0.27-%~3.38%, the total nitrogen content is 0.013%~0.211%, the total phosphorus content is 0.033%~0.217%, the total potassium content is 1.5%, and the soil pH value is 7~8.2.
The protected area is uniquely endowed with a wide temperature range. It is characterized by dry and windy weather throughout the year, short and hot summer, adequate light, excellent groundwater quality, and sandy soil characteristics. It creates a black-red watermelon with a bright red color, a high sugar content, and a sweet middle zone. There are fragrant, sugary, juicy and refreshing quality features in the sand.
(4) Relationship with Humanities
The Heishui Watermelon Conservation Area is located in Weinan City, Jilin Province. Since ancient times, there have been human beings living and breeding. According to the discovered Neolithic cultural sites and unearthed cultural relics, human beings lived on this land as early as 4,000 years ago. Weinan set up an early rule, when Tang was a member of the Songdududu government, Liao and Jinshi belonged to Taizhou, Yuanshi belonged to Taining Road, and under Ming Dynasty they belonged to the slaves and cadres of the Tainingwei, and in Qing Dynasty they belonged to the Horqin Rightwing Front Banner. In 1904, the site was built in Nanfu, and in 1913, the government was relocated to the county of Zhaoan and was attached to Fengtian. June 1954 was placed in Jilin Province. On May 21, 1987, the State Council approved the withdrawal of the county-based city, which is called Weinan City. According to records of Minnan Fuzhi and Shishi, the main producing area of ​​watermelon is in the town of Heishui in the southern sand dunes. After several generations of melon farmers carefully cultivate research, watermelon cultivation technology has been well developed, to the middle and late Qing Dynasty, watermelon has become a tribute to the palace. After the liberation, the people became masters, and the melon farmers inherited traditions and explored and nurtured them. This ancient melon seed continued to undergo new improvements. The watermelons produced were large and thin, sweet and refreshing, and sweet with sweet fragrance. Children, but soft and crisp, sand in sugar and high yield, early maturity, resistant to storage, black water watermelon growing area, growing cultivation techniques.
In 1982, after implementing the contract responsibility system for rural households with joint production, the rural productivity was liberated and the enthusiasm for labor production was improved. The households operating Blackwater Watermelon have grown by leaps and bounds. Every family planted watermelons, and everyone engaged in scientific research. The watermelon planting area in Heishui was also In the year-by-year expansion, from the previous quarter of melon development to early, middle and late three quarters melon, watermelon trading period of more than 100 days. There has been a small arch shed and a small arch double membrane watermelon cultivation techniques, and now watermelon is about one month earlier than before, and late watermelon can reach late October. At present, the watermelon industry has become a pillar industry for the increase of farmers' income and financial growth in our city, and it plays a decisive role in the entire region's agricultural economy and even the entire national economy.
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