(A) Cool Spring Maize District in Northeast China (Most of Heilongjiang Province and Eastern Jilin Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, determine the reasonable amount of NPK fertilizer.
(2) The nitrogenous fertilizer is applied in divided times, and the proportion of potash fertilizer is appropriately increased in high-yield fields.
(3) According to the conditions of climate and soil fertility, the agronomy and agronomy combine, and a small amount of diammonium phosphate is added as a seed fertilizer at low temperatures in spring.
(4) Increase organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic cooperation, return straw.
(5) Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as sulphur and zinc, and add alkaline fertilizers to acidified severe soils.
(6) It is recommended that intercropping or interplanting corn and soybeans, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, and increase organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers.
2. Fertilization recommendations
(1) Recommended 14-18-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 23-28 kg/mu, and the topdressing of urea is 11-13 kg/mu in the seven leaf stage.
(3) The output level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 28-32 kg/mu, and the topdressing of urea at the seven-leaf stage is 13-16 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 700 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 32-37 kg/mu, and the topdressing of urea at the seven-leaf stage is 16-18 kg/mu.
(5) The output level is below 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 18~23 kg/mu, and the topdressing of 7-blade stage is 9~11 kg/mu.
(B) Northeast Semi-humid Spring Maize Region (Southwest of Heilongjiang Province, Central Jilin Province and Northern Liaoning Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, apply nitrogen fertilizer in divided times, appropriately reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and fully utilize the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
(2) The land for one-time fertilization, appropriate application of diammonium phosphate as a seed fertilizer, to prevent early lack of fertilizer, affect the growth and development of corn.
(3) The plot with high effective potassium content and low yield level can use little or no potassium fertilizer under organic fertilizer application.
(4) Attention should be paid to the use of zinc fertilizer in soils with high soil pH, high yield levels, and lack of zinc. Long-term application of chlorine-based compound fertilizer should be changed to sulfur-based compound fertilizer.
(5) Increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the intensity of returning straw.
(6) Promote the use of high-yielding, dense-tolerance varieties, appropriately increase the planting density of corn, increase the yield of maize, and give full play to the effects of fertilizers.
(7) Deeply break the plow bottom, promote root development, and increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.
(8) The mulching film covers the planting area. Consider the use of slow and controlled release fertilizers to reduce the frequency of topdressing when applying base fertilizer.
(9) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme is adopted for medium and high fertility soils.
2. Based on the combination of fertilizer recommendations
(1) Recommended 15-18-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 550-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-31 kg/mu, and the large bell-mouth period is followed by 13-16 kg of urea/mu.
(3) The output level is 700-800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 31-35 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 16-18 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35 to 40 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 18 to 21 kg/mu.
(5) The output level is 550 kg/mu or less, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20 ~ 24 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with urea 10 ~ 13 kg/mu.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 29 ~ 13 ~ 10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.
(2) The production level is 550-700 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33-41 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or one-time application of seed dressing.
(3) The output level is 700-800 kg/mu, 30% of slow-release nitrogen release is required for 50-60 days, and the recommended dosage of formula is 41-47 kg/mu, which is used as base fertilizer or one-time application of seed dressing. .
(4) The production level of 800 kg/mu or more requires 30% release of controlled-release nitrogen for 50-60 days, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 47-53 kg/mu as a one-time application of base fertilizer or top dressing.
(5) The output level is 550 kg/mu or less, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 27 to 33 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or one-time application of seed dressing.
(III) Semi-arid Spring Maize Region in Northeast China (Western Jilin Province, Northeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Southwestern Heilongjiang Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) Using organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with fertilization techniques, straw-covered no-tillage fertilization techniques can be applied to sandy soil.
(2) Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 8 to 10 cm; fertilize in stages, advocate the application of nitrogen fertilizer in big horn stage.
(3) Give full play to the coupling of water and fertilizer, utilize the maximum efficiency and efficiency of corn for the synchronization of water and fertilizer requirements, and apply nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation.
(4) To master the principle of balanced fertilization, coordinate the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient land.
(5) According to the soil characteristics of the area, the use of physiological acidic fertilizer, fertilizer should use monoammonium phosphate.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme for medium-high fertility soils.
2. Fertilization recommendations
(1) Recommended 13-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 450-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25-33 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 10 to 14 kg/mu.
(3) The output level is 600 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 33 to 38 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 14 to 16 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is below 450kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 19~25kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with urea of ​​8~10kg/mu.
(D) Warm and humid northeastern spring maize area (most of Liaoning Province and Northeastern Hebei Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, determine the appropriate amount of NPK fertilizer.
(2) The nitrogenous fertilizer is divided and applied as much as possible, and one-time fertilization is not adopted as much as possible. The proportion and frequency of potash fertilizer application are appropriately increased in high-yield fields.
(3) Increase the intensity of straw return, increase organic fertilizer, and increase soil organic matter content.
(4) Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as sulfur and zinc.
(5) Fertilizer application must be combined with high yield cultivation techniques such as deep loosening and densification.
(6) The lower limit of the recommended amount of fertilization scheme is adopted for the middle-high fertility soil.
2. Fertilization recommendations
(1) Recommended 17-17-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 24-29 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 14-16 kg/mu.
(3) The output level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 29-34 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 16-19 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 700 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 34 ~ 39 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 19-22 kg/mu of urea.
(5) The output level is less than 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20 to 24 kg/mu, and the large bell-mouth period is topdressing 11 to 14 kg/mu of urea.
(V) Northwest China Rain-fed Spring Maize Region (northern Hebei Province, northern Beijing City, southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, most Shanxi Province, northern Shaanxi Province, northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, eastern Gansu Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic-inorganic combinations are preferred for organic fertilizers that are decomposed and have a relatively high moisture content.
(2) Carry out the principle of deep application of fertilizers. The depth of fertilization should reach 10 to 20 cm. Spread the surface of the fertilizer before sowing.
(3) Master the principles of balanced fertilization. Zinc-deficient land should pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer.
(4) Apply fertilization according to the characteristics of spring maize for fertilizer, and advocate applying topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.
2. Based on the combination of fertilizer recommendations
(1) Recommended 15-20-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 450-600 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-35 kg/mu, and the big bell-mouth period is topdressing urea 12-16 kg/mu.
(3) The output level is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu, and the big bell-mouth period is topdressing urea 16-19 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 700 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 19-22 kg/mu of urea.
(5) The output level is below 450kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20~25kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 10~12kg/mu urea.
3. One-time fertilization advice
(1) 26-13-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations are recommended.
(2) The output level is 450-600 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45-50 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or a one-time application of seed dressing.
(3) Production level 600-700 kg/mu, 20% to 40% of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with release period of 50-60 days, recommended dosage of formula fertilizer 50-55 kg/mu, used as base fertilizer or top-dressing fertilizer once Sexual application.
(4) Production levels above 700 kg/mu. There can be 20% to 40% of controlled-release N release for 50 to 60 days for the release period, and 55 to 60 kg/mu for the recommended dosage of the formula as base fertilizer or top-dressing fertilizer. Sexual application.
(5) The output level is less than 450 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu, which is used as a base fertilizer or one-time application of seed dressing.
(VI) Irrigated Spring Corn Areas in the North (Eastern and Central Inner Mongolia, Northern Shaanxi, Northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Eastern Gansu Province)
Fertilization principle
(1) Organic-inorganic combination.
(2) Deep application of fertilizer, the depth of fertilization should reach 10 to 20 cm, and the spreading of fertilizing material on the surface before sowing should be followed by cultivation.
(3) The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is coordinated and supply, and zinc-deficient land should pay attention to the use of zinc fertilizer.
(4) According to the characteristics of corn need fertilizer, sub-fertilization, advocate topdressing period topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.
(5) Give full play to the coupling between water and fertilizers, use the maximum efficiency and synchronization of corn and water demand, and apply nitrogen fertilizer with irrigation.
2. Fertilization recommendations
(1) Recommended 13-22-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 500-650 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 15-17 kg of urea/mu.
(3) The output level is 650-800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu, and the big bell-mouth period is topdressing urea 17-20 kg/mu.
(4) The output level is 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 45-50 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 20-25 kg/mu.
(5) The output level is less than 500 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25 to 30 kg/mu, and the large bell-mouth period is topdressing 13 to 15 kg/mu of urea.
(VII) Irrigation of Spring Maize in Northwest Oasis (Central and Western Regions of Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)
Fertilization principle
(1) Based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; farmer's manure mainly supplemented by chemical fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is dominant, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer; panicle fertilizer is dominant, supplemented by grain fertilizer.
(2) Perform soil testing and formula fertilization, and appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
(3) According to the status of soil potassium, efficient application of potassium fertilizer; attention to zinc and other trace elements.
(4) Advocate returning straw and fertilizing fertility.
(5) When fertilization is poor after fertilization, timely irrigation; promote drip irrigation with fertilizer and fertilizer integrated fertilization technology.
(6) Advocate the use of nitrogenous fertilizers and appropriately increase the nitrogen fertilization ratio.
(7) Appropriately increase the planting density, construct a reasonable population, and increase the fertilizer effect.
2. Fertilization recommendations
(1) Recommended 17-23-6 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formulations.
(2) The output level is 550-700 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25-35 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 10-15 kg/mu urea.
(3) The output level is 700-800 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35-40 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 15-20 kg/mu urea.
(4) The output level is 800 kg/mu or more, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40-45 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressing urea 20-25 kg/mu.
(5) The production level is below 550 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu, and the big bell mouth is topdressed with 10-15 kg/mu urea.
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