1 First results after plastic surgery, retraction culture results Zhizu
Chestnut is a light tree species, the ideal shape of the tree is a natural happy shape, the center without the trunk, the air and light inside the canopy, the canopy wavy, the resulting large area, in order to facilitate the three-dimensional results. Grafting chestnut young trees to form a natural happy shape, can only promote the sapling flowering results, at the same time, with retention, cutting, retraction method to cultivate the backbone of the stem, to support the results of Zhizu. In the year of grafting, they took heart many times in due course to promote branching, laying the foundation for the results of plastic surgery and leap year. In the winter shear, the strongest branches in the upright direction were cut off first, and the secondary strong branches with the angle of opening and outward growth were selected as the main branch extension branches. The strong branches below the main branch extension branch are kept as far as possible depending on the branching potential and the growth position and the growth direction. The thin and weak branches, the inward branches, and the partially crossed branches below 0.6 cm in diameter were removed during the year. The main branch extensions and temporary results that are retained are greater than 60 cm in length and are always short at full buds. Individuals who need to reserve a reserve branch may be as short as 20 to 30 cm. If the length is less than 60cm, only the unsmooth portion of the truncated tip is cut, and the substantial portion is retained. Grafting young trees through 3 to 4 years of continuous results combined with pruning, in the appropriate location selected to maintain strong branches as collateral, while retracting part of the 3-4 years old branches at the base of the 3rd age branches, triggering new results mother, gradually Cultivate small populations of mothers. After 4 to 5 years, a naturally happy tree can be formed.
2 results mother branch to stay appropriate, cut properly
2.1 Leftovers
Chestnut saplings grow vigorously, and fruit tree growth is large. As a result, the mother twigs should retain 20% to 40% more than mature cultivars, that is, 15 to 20 or more canopy projections per square metre. However, the amount of young branches is relatively small, generally determined based on the growth rate of mother branches. The base branch thickness of 1.0cm or more left 3 to 4 results mother branches, the base branch thickness of 0.8 ~ 1.0cm left 2 results mother branches.
2.2 Short cut
One of the top branches of the base branches had the strongest growth, and the resulting mother branches decreased in turn. To weaken the apical dominance, disperse the branching tendency, the topmost one of the strongest results is generally sparse or short. When short-cut, pay attention to whether there is space at the cut-off point. If there is no space, no short cut and sparse, when short-cutting, leave 3 to 5 buds for the strongest result at the top of the bud. Such as leaving the base buds heavy short cut, branching rate of 50.2%. If the two or three strongly-resulting parental branches at the top of the basal shoots are simultaneously truncated, the rate of new shoots can reach 97.0%. Therefore, when the grafted young trees are short-grained in the same year, they must pay attention to leaving large buds.
2.3 Reservations
The results of the retention of the mother branches must be distributed on the outside or both sides of the base branches, the growth forces are basically the same, the distribution is even, and the branches and branches do not cross or adjacent growth.
3 Clean the thin and weak branches in time
Chestnut saplings grow vigorously with a relatively small number of thin branches, generally accounting for only 10% to 30% of branch weight. However, the absolute growth of thin and thin branches is higher than that of mature trees, and the consumption of nutrients is relatively large. The timely cleaning of thin and thin branches can effectively reduce nutrient consumption, promote flowering, and increase fruit setting rate. During pruning in winter, the thin and weak branches in the second, third or even fourth branches formed after topping are all cut off, and the thin and weak branches perennial, and the thin and weak branches below the mother branches are also eliminated, leaving only the sturdy results. Branches, resulting mother branches ready branches, some grow robust branches.
After the sprouting in the spring, the fine and weak branches below the male flower branches and the few weak male squids were eliminated, which is beneficial to the formation of female flowers, young fruit development and shoot growth. The sooner the evacuation time is, the better, and it must not be later than the beginning of the male inflorescence.
4 strong development branches and leggy branches treatment
4.1 Treatment of strong branches (commonly known as big twigs)
Branches with a length of 1.5 m or more and a base diameter of 1.5 cm or more are large branches. The large stalks of branches are particularly easy to form in the first 1 to 3 years on young grafted trees with good water and fertilizer conditions and chestnut trees grafted on older rootstocks. Saplings are often left unsuccessful when shaping, and it is a pity to go. These shoots grow extremely strong, unlike the long branches, with short internodes, full shoots, thick branches, and large buds at the tip. The use of such shoots can be manually pulled to a horizontal angle during the spring sprouting, weakening the apical dominance, mitigating the tree potential, and allowing the front part to pump multiple fruiting and developing branches, which can increase the current year's yield and promote preparation. Branch formation. It is also possible to combine the topping before the middle and late branches in August to flatten the big sliver, which has the same effect as pulling in the spring.
The vast majority of the formation of large twigs is not formed in the summer, and there is a large sliver on the tree that can be leveled. If there are more than two, according to the tree shape needs, pull and cut, and pull 1 cut 1 or pull 2 ​​cut 1 (Figure 2). Pulling must be leveled out, and the position where the short cuts are cut should be highly suitable to promote new branches and form an ideal canopy. After pulling through the strips, after 3 to 4 years of results, most of the branches and branches in the lower part of the results can be retracted to cultivate bone stems or new interim branch groups.
4.2 treatment of long branches
The leggy tapers have a large degree of sharpness and the buds are thin and small, and they cannot form fruiting branches in the year. Under normal circumstances, they should be removed from the base. Individuals that need to be retained will be short cuts at the bottom or near the base of branches to promote new shoots. At the same time, picking hearts must keep up in the summer and cannot be allowed to leave.
5 timely buds and tips
5.1 wipe the bud
When the spring buds are rice grains, 3 to 4 full shoots are left on the upper side of the shoots, and 1 to 2 full shoots are left in the lower part. The rest of the buds are erased. Reduce the sprouting of new shoots, save tree nutrients, and promote the formation of female flowers. When leaving buds to stay small to stay large, go to stay under, stay in and stay outside, stay and stay thin.
5.2 Topping
Grafting young trees for summer topping is conducive to the formation of young trees and increased branches. Vigorously growing branches, 1 to 3 months to pick up the heart, growing general topping 2 to 3 times. Sapling branch sticks are 40-50cm above ground level at the first picking, and each time the new shoot grows 30cm long, it must be picked again. Other development branches topping, when the new shoots reach 20 to 30cm in length, picking the first time, and then every 30cm in length, then picking up the heart again. The last topping was carried out before the new shoot was stopped in early September. The topping at the topping should reach 0.6 to 0.8 cm. Topping is generally performed on strong branches. The results of the mother topping to distinguish between strong and weak branches, strong results of the mother branch can leave 5 to 7 fruit before the bud topping, the weak results of the mother to leave 2 to 3 fruit before the bud topping, no matter what kind of branch, should not be Male inflorescence belt topping.
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