Recently, Sun Bingjun, a reader of Zhanghong Town, Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province, recently called this newspaper to report that early this year, many early-stage defoliation diseases in apple orchards were severe. I do not know how to prevent and treat it. The reporter interviewed Du Zhihui, an apple cultivation expert and researcher at Northwestern Agriculture and Forestry University’s College of Horticulture. Remind the majority of farmers to do the following five points to prevent and cure the disease:
Organic fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, and bio-organic fertilizers are added to fruit trees. However, in the process of adding these fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced on the basis of previous years, because in the case of insufficient application of organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, excessive application of nitrogen will induce early defoliation of fruit trees. .
Spray some trace element fertilizers, amino acids, etc. on the foliage. It can improve the resistance of the leaves to early defoliation and prevent the bacteria from invading the leaves. It can be used as an auxiliary measure to prevent early defoliation.
Increase the ventilation of the orchard. Closed orchards make the growth space of the fruit tree leaves restricted, resulting in photosynthetic obstruction, poor nutrient absorption, affecting the growth of the entire tree, and eventually causing some leaves to fall off. The way to improve light and increase the airiness and light transmittance of fruit trees includes slightly improving the trunk; cutting off some large branches at the top of the tree, opening some "windows" to increase ventilation and light transmission; matching the pull branches to increase the angle of pull branches; combining summer and spring pruning , cut off some of the extra branches, including some leggy branches, crowded branches, cross branches.
Pre-growth medications use protective fungicides. Such as multi-manganese zinc and mancozeb. After autumn fruit bagging, there is more rain, and the possibility of occurrence of early defoliating disease continues to increase. It is necessary to use therapeutic bactericides. Du Zhihui reminded the majority of farmers that the scientific application time is very important in preventing early defoliation of fruit trees. If there is more rain in the early stages of the tree growth, the weather will continue to clear after the rain is finished, but the growers should also be vigilant. In the early fruit growth period (before the end of June), it is recommended that the interval between sprayings not exceed two weeks; after the end of June, the number of sprayings should be adjusted; the time interval should be about 10 days; in the later stage of fruit tree growth (after July), spraying The interval between drugs is preferably 10 to 12 days. The interval should not be too long. The number of sprayings in the year is 8 to 10 times more reasonable.
In the early winter and early spring, the park must be completely cleared. It mainly removes fallen leaves, weeds, diseased branches, etc., in the orchard, and burns them together. Before the winter, it deepens the orchard to eliminate pathogenic bacteria.
Du Zhihui reminded farmers that there was a period of incubation between the invading leaves and the onset of disease. The incubation period was short and long. There were more than 20 days in length and 10 days in the shortest. Therefore, it is crucial for fruit farmers to do preventive work.
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