How to do the prevention and control of grape size and grain phenomenon?
How can we do the prevention and control of grape size and grain? In the past few days, we went to Luoyang Yushi’s grape planting base to observe it. It was found that many growers were very serious in size and grain, and local farmers reported that they have planted grapes for more than ten years. The reasons, symptoms and prevention of grape size and grain, many grape growers are confused about the size of the grain. There are many reasons for the size and size of the grapes, and the performance is not the same. According to the situation of the orchard, the symptomatic treatment can be solved. Grape size granules, the so-called large granules refer to normal granules, small granules are smaller than normal granules, like peanuts or soybean granules, and there are usually no seeds in the granules, and they are first colored. If the granules are large or small, the product value will be greatly reduced.
The performance of grape size granules, usually in pieces
Large and small grape
Second, the causes and countermeasures of causing grape size
In fact, there are many reasons for the grape size and size, and the symptoms are different. Generally, it is necessary to solve the problem according to the condition of the orchard.
There are several main situations in which large and small particles appear:
1, variety reasons
Individual varieties such as Jufeng, Victoria, Jingya and other varieties, natural pollination is bad, of course, the size of the grain. This size granule generally has a small number of seeds or no seeds.
Measures: The variety can be changed or denuclearized. After treatment, all the fruit pieces have no seeds. After the expansion, the size of the fruit pieces is uniform.
2. Field management issues
1. The yield is too high: the orchard with too high yield, the size of the grain is mature, the large grain is colored first, the first is red, the small grain is green, and the flower string. This situation is often caused by excessive fruit retention, excessive branches, and insufficient effective leaves.
Measures: Reasonable yield and branch density, good field management, reasonable branching, and scientific and rational fertilizer and water management can avoid this situation.
2, prolonged: Wang Chang caused by the size of the grain is characterized by thick branches, long sections, some also show inflorescence distortion, flower buds are not normal development, etc., large seeds have seeds, especially large, small particles are small, and less fruit. The size and size caused by Wangchang is related to the growth of the branches in the previous year. The last year was prosperous, resulting in poor flower bud differentiation. In the same year, the long branches will also appear in the next year.
Measures: For the long orchard, the first is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, less watering, and control soil drought. For the long branches, advance bows, early picking, twisting branches, or ring cutting, etc., when the winter is pruned, the long branches are more buds. Only when the year is well controlled, there will be no size in the next year.
Keep the grapes topped, stay buds
Control the length of the internode, the thickness
3, the weak is weak: some orchards, yellowing after germination, the ear is also yellow, less fruit, size, some will be yellow next year, the same size. This orchard is often caused by high yields in the previous year, damage to fertilizers, accumulation of water in the later stages, large number of roots in winter and spring, and premature defoliation caused by downy mildew.
Grape yellow leaves caused by water accumulation in the later period
Measures: The orchard after germination should be sprayed with a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer, functional liquid fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium, functional liquid fertilizer containing trace elements, once every 2 days, continuously for 3 to 5 times, first It is the leaf to restore nutrition, in order to promote root growth; then apply a large amount of organic fertilizer containing algae organisms and rooting agent containing 18 plant source amino acids, raise the roots of the grapes, and promote the co-growth of the underground and aerial parts of the grapes.
Foliar application combined with soil use
3. Environmental issues such as weather
Bad weather during flowering: low temperature and rainy weather or high temperature and dry weather during flowering can cause poor powdering, less fruit, and large size. The size of the grain formed by the weather factor, the dumbbell-shaped ear can be seen in the field. Low temperature and rainy rain are more common in the southern regions; in the north, many fruit farmers are worried that the fruit setting is not good, and they dare not water the flowers before flowering. Once they encounter high temperature weather, there will be a lot of fruit drop phenomenon.
Measures: In case of bad weather such as low temperature and rain during the flowering period, the leaf surface fertilizer containing phosphorus and zinc can be used to add more sugar to the chelated calcium (Gamous) and boron foliar spray. Phosphorus provides energy and zinc promotes adversity. The secretion of growth hormone and flowering hormone, boron ensures the differentiation and completion of pollen and flower organs.
High temperature and drought can be alleviated by proper watering before flowering. Once the size has been formed, consider discarding the first capsule and leaving the second capsule. If the local weather is not conducive to pollination and fruiting, it can be considered to carry out denuclear cultivation.
4, nutritional imbalance
Most of the size and grain phenomenon is formed from the flowering period. Grape flowering requires a lot of energy. The energy is provided by phosphorus. At the same time, there are many demand for many trace elements such as boron, zinc and calcium. Only the various nutrients are balanced and balanced. The flowering is relatively complete and the pollen quality is good, so as to ensure a good fruit setting rate and thus reduce the size of the grain. Conversely, the lack of any of the above nutrients will lead to grape size and size.
1. Boron deficiency: Grapes are deficient in boron. Boron is a reproductive element. It plays a vital role in the development of pollen, fertilization and fruit development. Before and after flowering, there should be enough boron to ensure the completion of flower bud differentiation. Boron deficiency causes difficulty in prolonging the pollen tube, and the ovule is difficult to fertilize. Form seeds.
The size of the grain caused by boron deficiency, generally small fruit without seeds or only one seed, the flower cap is not easy to fall, the fruit is less, the orchard is seriously deficient in boron, and the leaves may have watermelon-like leaves or spots on the sun. Slow growth and slow growth of new shoots.
Measures: 15% base application of granular boron fertilizer, such as boron, is used in combination with compound fertilizer every year. In addition, before the flowering, the foliar boron fertilizer is used for supplementation. The boron-deficient grape is preferably sprayed with sugar alcohol-chelating elemental boron-containing trace element liquid fertilizer or 21% octahydrate octaborate powder. Boron fertilizer, a vineyard with severe boron deficiency, can be sprayed with sugar alcohol-chelating elemental boron containing trace element liquid fertilizer 1 or 2 times during the grape inflorescence separation period.
2. Zinc deficiency: Zinc affects the synthesis of key enzymes and proteins in crops. Zinc deficiency during flowering is likely to cause the hormones in the grape to be in a disordered state. The grape is deficient in zinc, the auxin is insufficiently synthesized, the growth is slow, the fruit is less, the flower cap is not easy to fall, and the size is small. Large and small granules caused by zinc deficiency, when ripe, large and small granules can be colored normally, and some small granules may also have seeds.
Measures: Zinc-deficient vineyards can be sprayed with functional liquid fertilizer containing calcium and zinc 15 days before fruit picking, and can also be sprayed 2 to 3 times with calcium and zinc before and after flowering. Functional liquid fertilizer and functional liquid fertilizer for phosphorus and zinc.
3. Calcium deficiency: Calcium is a very important medium-sized element for grapes. Its demand far exceeds the amount of elemental phosphorus, which is close to the demand for nitrogen. Calcium is involved in cell division and elongation. Calcium is essential for young tissues such as pollen. Therefore, sufficient calcium during flowering ensures the smooth completion of flowering.
In summary, before flowering, grapes should use phosphorus, boron, zinc and calcium. You can use liquid functional foliar fertilizer containing phosphorus and zinc, such as flowers and fertilizers containing calcium and magnesium, such as Gaimeo, before spraying. Use 1-2 times. Ensure that the flowering is smooth, the inflorescence is complete, and the size is prevented.
5. Viral infection or tree degradation
For individual tetraploid species such as Kyoho, it is easy to appear tree degradation, or grape damaged by virus disease, the tree is weak, and the ear is undernourished. This kind of grape is mostly expressed in the fact that there are only a few trees, one or two trees or three or five trees in the field, the same fertilization and watering, the result is small, the size of the grain, and it is the same year. For this kind of tree, there is no reserved value, you can dig up the replanting.
In summary, there are many reasons for size and size, and the symptoms are not the same. It is necessary to solve the problem according to the situation of each orchard, instead of blindly learning the treatment of others.
There are several main situations in size and size:
Many grape growers are confused about the size of the grain. There are many reasons for the size and size of the grapes, and the performance is not the same. According to the situation of the orchard, the symptomatic treatment can be solved. There are several main situations in size and size:
1, variety reasons: individual varieties such as Jufeng, Victoria, Jingya and other varieties, natural pollination is bad, of course, large and large. This size granule generally has a small number of seeds or no seeds.
Measures: The variety can be changed or denuclearized. After treatment, all the fruit pieces have no seeds. After the expansion, the size of the fruit pieces is uniform.
2, lack of boron: the lack of boron in the grape, leading to difficulty in the expansion of the pollen tube, the ovule is difficult to fertilize, can not form seeds. The size of the grain caused by boron deficiency, generally small fruit without seeds or only one seed, the flower cap is not easy to fall, the fruit is less, the orchard is seriously deficient in boron, and the leaves may have watermelon-like leaves or spots on the sun. Slow growth and slow growth of new shoots.
Measures: The boron-deficient grape is best sprayed with 1500 times of boron in the leaves after picking the fruit. The orchard with severe boron deficiency can be used twice in 10 days or twice as much as in the soil, or in the grape inflorescence. During the separation period, the leaves are sprayed with 1500-2000 times of boron 1-2 to 2 times.
3, zinc deficiency: grape zinc deficiency, auxin synthesis is insufficient, growth retardation, less fruit, flower cap is not easy to fall, size and size. Large and small granules caused by zinc deficiency, when ripe, large and small granules can be colored normally, and some small granules may also have seeds.
Measures: Zinc-deficient orchards can be sprayed with zinc fertilizer such as zinc-calcium amino acid on the foliar surface 15 days before fruit picking, or 300 times as much as zinc-calcium amino acid on the leaf surface before and after flowering.
4, bad weather during flowering: low temperature and rainy weather or high temperature and dry weather during flowering can cause poor pollination, less fruit, size and size. The size of the grain formed by the weather factor, the dumbbell-shaped ear can be seen in the field. Low temperature and rainy rain are more common in the southern regions; in the north, many fruit farmers are worried that the fruit setting is not good, and they dare not water the flowers before flowering. Once they encounter high temperature weather, there will be a lot of fruit drop phenomenon.
Measures:
There is no way to change the low temperature and rain, and the high temperature and drought can be alleviated by proper watering before flowering. Once the size has been formed, consider discarding the first capsule and leaving the second capsule. If the local weather is not conducive to pollination and fruiting, it can be considered to carry out denuclear cultivation.
Wang Chang: The large and small grains caused by Wang Chang are characterized by thick branches and long sections, some of which also show indistact inflorescences, abnormal flower buds, etc. Large seeds have seeds, especially large, small grains are small, and there are few fruit. The size and size caused by Wangchang is related to the growth of the branches in the previous year. The last year was prosperous, resulting in poor flower bud differentiation. In the same year, the long branches will also appear in the next year.
Measures: For the long orchard, the first is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, less watering, and control soil drought. For the long branches, advance bows, early picking, twisting branches, or ring cutting, etc., when the winter is pruned, the long branches are more buds. Only when the year is well controlled, there will be no size in the next year.
7, the strength is weak: some orchards, after planting yellow, the ear is also yellow, less fruit, size, some will be yellow next year, the same size. This orchard is often caused by high yields in the previous year, damage to fertilizers, accumulation of water in the later stages, large number of roots in winter and spring, and premature defoliation caused by downy mildew.
Measures: The orchard after germination, the root system is already weak, it is not easy to fertilize and water, and the leaf surface should be sprayed with zinc-calcium amino acid 300 times solution + urea 400 times solution + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 800 times solution, once every 2 days. 3 to 5 times in a row, the first is to restore the nutrition of the leaves, in order to promote root growth, loose soil ventilation, improve ground temperature is conducive to root growth. If the big fat water, the soil temperature is low, but it will not inhibit the growth and absorption of the root system, the tree part will be more yellow.
8. The output is too high: the orchard with too high yield, the size of the grain is mature, the large grain is colored first, the first is red, the small grain is green, the flower string. This is often caused by excessive fruit retention, excessive branches, and insufficient effective leaves.
Measures: Reasonable yield and branch density, good field management, reasonable branching, and scientific and rational fertilizer and water management can avoid this situation.
9. Viral infection or tree degradation: For individual tetraploid species such as Kyoho, it is prone to tree degradation, or grape damaged by virus disease, the tree is weak, and the ear is undernourished. This kind of grape is mostly expressed in the fact that there are only a few trees, one or two trees or three or five trees in the field, the same fertilization and watering, the result is small, the size of the grain, and it is the same year. For this kind of tree, there is no reserved value, you can dig up the replanting.
In summary, there are many reasons for size and size, and the symptoms are not the same. It is necessary to solve the problem according to the situation of each orchard, instead of blindly learning the treatment of others.
This article URL: How to do the prevention and treatment of grape size and grain phenomenon?
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