Potato mechanized operation technology
Potato mechanization technology is a new technology that has emerged in recent years. The use of machinery is a key factor in determining whether or not to grow potatoes. Next, follow the Xiaobian to learn about the whole process of mechanized planting of potatoes.
First, the potato mechanized deep pine
In recent years, more and more potatoes have been planted. In some dryland areas, the amount of water from the soil needs to be increased to provide the required water for the growth and development of the potato. In order to construct soil reservoirs, mechanized subsoiling technology is often used. By using this technique, you can deepen 50 cm of soil, so that 50 cm of soil below the surface will be fluffy. Therefore, the promotion of mechanized ploughing technology can help farmers to break through the plow floor formed by farming fields all the year round. After the soil has been ploughed, its water permeability and permeability are greatly enhanced, and the water content of the soil is greatly improved. Once the rainy season, more rainwater can be received, and at the bottom of the soil, a large-scale underground reservoir is formed. The growth of the roots of the potato. After ploughing the soil, the surface water greatly reduces the amount of evaporation. In short, the potato land, through mechanized deepening, can not only alleviate the current situation of water shortage in arid areas, but also the “gospel†of thick clay and poor soil. Therefore, this advanced and beneficial mechanization technology should be given more Application in soil preservation, water retention and land maintenance operations.
Second, the potato mechanized sowing
Mechanized seeding is a key technology in potato mechanization. The technology also incorporates many other operations, such as trenching, fertilizing, sowing, covering, ridging, and repression. This technology combines many advantages such as time saving, labor saving and labor saving. In addition, by using mechanized seeding, positioning and quantitative fertilization can be achieved, resulting in greatly improved waste utilization, while avoiding contamination and loss due to irregular operations.
(1) Site selection and land preparation
Generally, when mechanized sowing work is carried out, there is a certain requirement on the area of ​​the plot. It should be more than 667 square meters, and it should be a land with a gentle slope or a gentle slope. It is more convenient to mechanize on such land. operating. Before sowing, the plot needs to be leveled to remove stones and impurities from the soil to ensure that the soil is soft and finely divided.
(2) Use of pesticides and fertilizers
Before planting, some pesticides and fertilizers can be used. When spreading, it must be uniform. You can use shallow tillage, alfalfa, etc. to turn pesticides and fertilizer into the soil. This method can also be used at the time of sowing, and the pesticide and fertilizer are turned into the soil at the time of sowing.
(iii) Preparing seed potatoes
Before the mechanization work, the seed potatoes need to be prepared in advance and the relevant treatment work should be done. When dicing potatoes, the tools used and the tools such as the cutting board should be disinfected in advance. The dicing of the potato must be as uniform as possible. According to the mechanized operation requirements, the quality of each piece should be about 50g, and at least 1-2 buds are the best. After that, seed dressing with grass ash can play the role of sterilization.
(iv) Seeding operations
When planting, choose the right seeding time. Usually, the soil should have a moisture content of 12% to 15%. The underground soil should have a suitable temperature of 7 to 8 degrees at 10 cm. At this time, seeding can be carried out. In addition, the actual sowing depth and sowing amount should be adjusted according to the actual situation to ensure that the sowing is appropriate. Before large-scale planting, trial broadcasting can be carried out, and when various indicators are within the prescribed range, large-scale planting can be carried out.
For winter and early spring potatoes, the sowing time should be combined with the variety of potato performance, and must avoid the frost. Winter potato is usually suitable for sowing from early November to late December, and it is allocated for sowing, early sowing cooperation No. 88, late sowing Lishu No. 6. The potatoes are expected to be harvested in three to four months. For the early spring potato, seeding is to be carried out from early January to mid-February. The harvest time of these potatoes is in the middle and late May.
(v) Field management and mechanized operations after sowing
Be sure to cover the mulch in time after sowing, which will ensure temperature and humidity, facilitate early harvest, and increase yield. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the seedlings in time, and deal with the relationship between individuals and groups. After emergence, seedlings must be introduced in time. One seedling is kept in each pond to ensure that individual individuals can grow normally and increase the number of large potatoes per plant. number. The field management is similar to other crops, but when carrying out operations such as loosening, fertilizing or cultivating soil, it is necessary to use a cultivator. In the case of medium tillage and fertilization, some areas are tested. When the effect of cultivating meets the expected requirements, large-scale cultivating and fertilizing are carried out. In actual operation, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments to the implements, and if problems occur, they should be solved in time to improve the effect of farming.
Third, the mechanized harvest of potatoes
(1) Preliminary preparation
First, we should observe the stems and leaves of the potato. When about 80% of the wilting is found, the plants can be crushed by using the wood stone scorpion one to two weeks before the harvest time. Tackling with a tractor to leave nutrients in the stems and leaves can play a ripening role. If some of the stems and leaves are not dead, the stalk harvester can be removed from the land two to three days before harvest, allowing the land to dissipate moisture more quickly, facilitating subsequent mechanization.
(ii) Harvesting operations
Before the harvesting operation, the tools are carefully adjusted, and if necessary, the test can be carried out. Observe the effect of excavation, observe the excavation rate, excavation depth and the rate of the sweet potato, etc. When these factors meet the relevant agronomic requirements, the mechanized operation can be performed. In order to further improve the efficiency of the operation of the agricultural machinery, the weeds and yam in the field should be cleaned, and the debris in the sieve belt should be cleaned up to prevent the impurities from affecting the mechanization. Field operators require the driver to concentrate when operating these machines. During the excavation process, keep the fuselage stable, ensure that the implement is straight, and prevent the deviation from causing damage to other potatoes. Usually, the center line of the excavator shovel should be opposite to the center line of the potato cage, so the efficiency of excavation will be greatly improved.
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