In crop production, people use fertilizer to increase crop yield, improve product quality, increase economic efficiency, and maintain and improve soil fertility. Among the many fertilizers, organic fertilizers have become the ideal fertilizer for producing green foods.
1. Organic fertilizer plays an important role in improving food quality
The first is to improve soil fertility. Soil fertility indicators are an important part of soil environmental quality standards in green food production. The application of organic fertilizers is the main way to maintain and improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizer can make the soil loose and fertile, promote the vigorous growth and robustness of plants, and increase the resistance to drought, cold, lodging and pests and diseases, and achieve high quality and high yield.
Second is to reduce soil pollution. Soil organic matter can neutralize or chelate with heavy metal elements, adsorbing organic pollutants, thereby reducing the harm to plant foods.
Once again, it is a nutritional effect. Organic nitrogen, phosphorus, amino acids and nucleic acids can significantly increase the content of protein, sugar, vitamins and aromatic substances in foods, increase the dry matter specific gravity of fresh foods, thereby improving food quality, flavor and storage stability, and improving color and appearance. . This special role cannot be replaced by fertilizer.
It should be pointed out that in China's modern high-yield and high-quality agriculture, 75,000 kg (1 mu of 5,000 kg) of organic fertilizer per hectare per year can meet the demand of crops, and the effect on improving quality is obvious. Only the implementation of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can achieve high quality and high yield. Ways to increase the application of organic fertilizers in the soil include the accumulation of farmyard manure, the cultivation of green manure, and the return of straw to the field.
2. Organic fertilizer needs to be treated harmlessly
The application of organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated may cause pollution to foods that is more serious and more difficult to prevent than chemical fertilizers. Chemical pollution is an important factor in the excessive content of harmful substances in domestic garbage. There are mainly organic pollutants from batteries, electrical appliances, paints, and pigment additives. Organic wastes such as municipal waste and human waste contain a large number of pathogens, which survive in the soil for a long time. According to the survey, cauliflower, cucumber, lentils and solanaceous vegetables are heavily polluted by E. coli, and potatoes, alfalfa, bamboo shoots, radishes, onions and cabbage are heavily contaminated by parasite eggs.
Green food production should keep the organic fertilizer harmless. First of all, it is necessary to keep the source of organic fertilizers, and it is forbidden to use organic fertilizers that may be polluted, especially those with heavy chemical pollution. Secondly, high-temperature composting treatment should be carried out. The temperature is treated at 50 °C-55 °C for 18 days, the coliform value drops to 10-1, the mortality of mites eggs reaches 100%, and the mortality of various fly maggots, cockroaches and adults is 100%. It can meet the standard of harmless organic fertilizer. Green food production should be prohibited from “raw soilâ€.
The development and application of commercial organic fertilizer is a new field of organic fertilizer development. It adapts to the needs of the market economy and has reliability in product quality. It can be used as one of the main fertilizers for green food production.
At present, there are three main types of commercial organic fertilizers: 1 municipal waste compost, mainly distributed in large cities, to solve the urban garbage pollution, to achieve commercialization of waste fertilizer, and to obtain better comprehensive benefits. 2 Active organic fertilizer, which is made of livestock manure and agricultural and sideline products, and is made of fermented microorganisms for fermentation dehydration and harmless treatment. It is a high-quality organic fertilizer. 3 humic acid, amino acid special organic fertilizer, rich in organic nutrients and plant growth regulators, can be made into liquid fertilizer for foliar application.
3. Green food (Grade A) can use fertilizer in a timely and limited amount
Rational application of chemical fertilizer can improve soil fertility and improve food quality. Fertilizer can supplement soil nutrients and balance crop nutrients, thereby promoting crop growth and improving the quality of agricultural products. The nutrients extracted from the fertilizers are exactly the same as the nutrients extracted from the organic fertilizers. When it comes to the decline in the quality of food, it is blamed on the use of fertilizers, which is actually a misunderstanding.
In terms of affecting food quality, there is an essential difference between chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Chemically synthesized pesticides are generally different from natural products. They are organic substances that do not exist in the natural environment. Some components can accumulate in humans and animals. Some components may cause cancer. Some components remain in the soil for a long time, participate in ecological cycle, and have a negative impact. Fertilizers are different from pesticides. The ingredients of chemical fertilizers are found in natural soils, and the application of chemical fertilizers is to supplement the nutrients that are necessary for plants and the soil is insufficient. When this year's major fertilizer varieties, some of which are derived from the conversion of natural minerals, such as phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is synthetic ammonia and its processed products. In fact, organic matter in organic fertilizers is generally not directly absorbed by crops, but can be decomposed into the same ingredients as in fertilizers before they can exert their nutritional effects. The relationship between chemical fertilizers and food quality is relatively close, and it can be concluded that it is beneficial to apply fertilizer properly, and it is harmful if applied improperly. Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer have obvious promotion effects on the quality improvement of agricultural products. Taking potassium as a vegetable as an example, potassium can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables, improve the uniformity of vegetables, enhance disease resistance, and improve quality. Potassium application can increase the sugar content of watermelon, reduce acidity and improve storage stability. Potassium promotes the transfer of amino acids to the kernel, which is beneficial to the synthesis of proteins in the kernel. Proper application of nitrogen fertilizer can also improve quality.
In the production practice, the main problem of chemical fertilizer application is the imbalance of nutrient ratio, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, and insufficient potassium fertilizer and trace elements. Poor permeability, loss of nutrients, pollution of the environment, resulting in an increase in nitrate and nitrite in water, and nitrates are enriched in agricultural products, endangering human health.
4. Green food production attaches importance to balanced fertilization technology
Balanced fertilization should do a good job in the five links of “measurement of soil testing, formula, fertilizer, fertilizer and fertilizationâ€. Fundamentally change the habit of blind fertilization by farmers, effectively control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer without causing excessive absorption of tropic, causing excessive levels of nitrate in food. At the same time, the utilization rate of fertilizer is increased from the current 30% to more than 45%, and the effect of increasing the cost of the festival is very significant. In the production of chemical fertilizer must be combined with organic fertilizer application, the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen does not exceed 1:1, for example, the application of high-quality manure fertilizer 100 kg plus urea 1 kg (salt fertilizer for base fertilizer, urea for base fertilizer and top dressing). The last top dressing of agricultural products must be carried out 30 days before harvest.
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