Release date: 2018-06-07
On June 7th, Chinese scientists published a research paper online in the academic journal Nature Cell Biology, which is the first internationally comprehensive, systematic and in-depth explanation from single cell resolution and total transcriptome level. The gene expression profiles and signal regulation mechanisms of the four organs of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine during human embryo development reveal the precise developmental pathways and gene expression characteristics of different cell types of these four organs, and further The development, maturation pathway and key biological characteristics of the large intestine from fetus to adult were analyzed in detail. This is the first time that Chinese scientists have systematically revealed the cell map of human digestive tract development.
The digestive system is one of the most important organ systems in the human body, and the digestive tract is the most important part of the digestive system. It plays an extremely important role in food digestion, nutrient absorption, waste excretion, and resistance to microbial invasion. The digestive tract is mainly composed of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. It is a major issue in developmental biology to reveal the gene expression regulatory networks and cell type maps of these four organs during human embryonic development. According to reports, this study firstly isolated and acquired a total of 5277 single cells from the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine, and the large intestine of adults in 6 to 25 weeks of human embryos, and sequenced them with high-precision single-cell transcriptome. Up to 5T of gene expression profile data. The research team conducted in-depth data mining and analyzed the developmental stages of these four organs in the aspect of gene expression regulation.
First, the research team defined 40 different important cell types in these four organs through key gene expression characteristics, of which 30 different cell types were identified during human embryonic development. By analyzing the key biological characteristics of these 30 cell types, 19 of them have the characteristics of stem and progenitor cells, which have appeared in the early stage of embryonic development and throughout the embryonic development period, and its cell cycle. It also exhibits the characteristics of active division and proliferation. On the other hand, the analysis showed that the cells of four different organs in the early digestive tract of the embryo had highly similar gene expression characteristics, while the cell gene expression of the four different organs in the late embryonic stage was very different, indicating that the gene expression of these cell types was functionally mature. High organ specificity and cell type specificity. At the same time, compared with the other three digestive tract organs, the key genes of nutrient absorption and metabolism are synchronously activated in the late embryonic stage, indicating that the small intestine in the late embryo may already have basic nutrient absorption function. This also shows that as embryonic development progresses, the functional differences of the four organs are gradually revealed.
The research results are from Beijing University of Beijing Future Gene Diagnosis High-tech Innovation Center, Peking University Bio-dynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University-Tsinghua University Life Science Joint Center Tang Fuzhong Research Group, Beijing International Mathematical Research Center Ge Wei Research Group. Joined the joint research team of Peking University Third Hospital Qiao Jie. The study found that comprehensive and developmental cell map data for the field of digestive tract biology has great reference value. In addition, the research results of these four digestive tract related cancers, especially gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, also provide important reference at the gene expression level.
Source: People's Daily
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