The cultivation of red dry peppers has a long history in Kezuozhong Banner. Due to many years of cultivation, diseases such as red stem pepper blight and root rot are serious, which seriously affect the yield and benefit of red dry pepper. Therefore, the promotion of pepper grafting technology to improve the resistance of red dry pepper to achieve the purpose of increasing production and efficiency.
1, stock selection
At present, chili rootstocks are mostly selected from Graft, Shenwei, Weistrong Bell F1 and other excellent pepper grafted rootstock varieties. The rootstocks have developed root system, strong absorption capacity and strong affinity; they are resistant to root-knot nematodes, but also resistant to diseases, root rot, and blueberries. Diseases and other soil-borne diseases are highly adaptable to adverse soil conditions. It is suitable for the grafting application of pepper planting bases for many years of continuous cropping, severe planting, various soil-borne diseases, and severe root-knot nematodes.
2 Scion Variety Selection
Pepper varieties can be selected from "Yi Duo Jiao", "Gold Taurus", "Super Pao" and other high-quality, disease-resistant and high-product varieties.
3, rootstock seed processing
The rootstock seeds were soaked in water at 55°C for 15 minutes, soaked in warm water for 10 hours, then rinsed with water and germinated at 20-30°C. Seeds can be sown when the rootstock seeds are whitened, and should be carried out 5-7 days ahead of the scion seeds.
4, scion seed treatment
The scion seeds are treated with the rootstock seeds.
5. Preparation and disinfection of nursery soil
Parkland soil 7 parts + fertilizer 3 parts + diammonium phosphate 2.5-3 kg / cubic meter, per cubic meter with formalin 25-30 ml + 3 liters of water disinfection, with plastic film sealed tightly covered for 3 days.
6, sowing seedlings
(1) Rootstock sowing and nursery: In early March, stocks of rootstock are sowed in the greenhouse, and 88 or 1010 seedlings are used to grow seedlings. Each seed is soaked with one seed, then the cover soil is 1 centimeter thick. The nutrient bowl is irrigated with water and covered with a plastic film to moisturize. After emergence, the plastic film is removed. Rootstock seedlings 2 true leaves, that is, pull the cross, spray "helper prime" to increase the rootstock stem thick, conducive to grafting survival.
(2) Scion Sowing and Seedling: The scion seeds can be broadcasted live and planted, and sown 7-10 days later than the rootstock seeds, to strengthen management and cultivate strong seedlings.
7, grafting method: You can use splicing and oblique cutting method.
(1) Preparation before connection: Prepare the blade for grafting, alcohol, grafting clips, grafting sleeves, sprayers, and supporting arches, cover films, and shading articles.
(2) Connection method
Rootstock seedlings began to graft when they were 5-7 true leaves. When grafting, cut the upper end of the rootstock seedlings, cut 2-3 leaves, and keep 2-3 true leaf stems and remove the leaves. Use a grafting knife to cut a knife vertically from the top to the bottom of the stem. The knife edge is 0.8-1cm long. Scion is used to select 5-7 true leaves. The pepper seedlings grow robustly, have moderate internode length, are not long, and are fully organized. They are semi-lignified. Remove the lower end and retain 2-3 true leaves. Cut large leaves and buds. Cut the cut into wedges. The wedge length is equal to the depth of the incision in the rootstock. Immediately insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock to align the rootstock and the scion incision. Tightly combined, fixed with graft clips.
(3) Oblique connection
This method is easy to operate, technically simple, fast grafting, and high survival rate. When the rootstock contains 5 to 7 true leaves, the rootstock retains 2-3 true leaves and the upper part is cut with a blade. Then, with a blade, a 30-degree slant is chamfered between the nodes above the third true leaf, and the slope is 1-1.5 cm long. Take the scion seedlings and leave 2 to 3 true leaves on top to cut the lower part to the opposite slope from the rootstock and remove the following parts. The slope is also 1-1.5 cm long (adapt to the slope of the rootstock). The two bevels are then quickly brought together, aligned, and secured with a graft clip.
8, post-grafting management
The ground of the small arch shed was moistened, and the seedlings were grafted into the small arch shed quickly. The cover was tight and the shade was not visible. Completely sealed and kept for 4-5 days. The humidity in the arch shelter is kept above 95%. See light after 4-5 days. Gradually ventilated, from small to large, during the ventilation period still have to maintain a high degree of humidity, in time to eliminate the germination of side buds.
9. Daejeon transplanting
Kezuo Zhongqi around May 20th Daejeon mulching film transplanting methods and water and fertilizer management with conventional nursery. After the grafting, the yield and quality of red dry pepper increased, and the economic benefit increased significantly.
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