Healthy chicks are the beginning of good feeding. Therefore, many broiler husbandry experts recommend that the 21-day period of chick hatching be calculated into the broiler feeding phase. Qualified chicks should meet fluffy, lively, robust, well-healed umbilical cords, plump and plump skin on the legs and feet, no swelling in the ankles, and dehydrated chicks. In the feeding and management of broilers, if there are management errors, broilers with excellent genetic performance will also have lower production levels. There are many factors that affect the performance of broilers. The grazing experts have summarized the five key factors affecting the production performance of broilers in years of broiler feeding and management. They are the quality of chickens, feed nutrition, environmental conditions in poultry houses, breeding techniques, and comprehensive health and disease prevention measures. Anyone who wants to achieve higher survival rates, faster rates of weight gain, and higher feed conversion rates for broilers must pay attention to the work of these five key management areas.
First, the quality of chicks
In order to ensure that the broiler farms receive qualified chicks, they usually do the following:
1. Ensure the health of parental broiler breeders
If parental broiler breeders are infected with E. coli, mycoplasma, Salmonella, and viral diseases (such as avian influenza, chicken Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, or immunosuppressive diseases), the quality of their offspring will not be guaranteed.
2. Breeders are fed nutritionally balanced full-priced compound feed
If breeders are fed with too much feed made from cottonseed cake, cottonseed oil, feed containing chromium leather powder, or moldy, rancid feed, the mortality rate of their offspring will increase.
3. Do a good job of hatching eggs
During the hatching of eggs, if the incubation temperature is too high or too low, the humidity is too large or too small, the ventilation is insufficient, the hatching time is long, the hatchery is in poor sanitary conditions or other unreasonable processing results in poor chick quality and thus affect the quality of the chicks. Broiler production.
4. Do a good job of storage of chicken
If the hatchery storage hall is narrow or there is no automatic environmental control system installed, the local temperature of the chicken storage hall will be too high or too low, and the ventilation will be poor, causing the chicks to suffer from high/low temperature, dehydration, or lack of oxygen. This will affect chick quality.
5. Pay attention to the transportation of chicks
First, the chick box is required to be filled with corrugated cardboard in order to reduce the occurrence of chick leg problems during transportation. Secondly, it is recommended that transport vehicles be equipped with an automatic environmental control system so that the interior temperature is maintained at 18 to 25°C, the humidity is 65%, and the minimum ventilation volume is 20 cfm/1,000. If the transport vehicle has no ventilation or there is a blind corner of the ventilation, the chick may be overheated, dehydrated or deprived of oxygen. In cold seasons, chicks often suffer from cold stress or lack of oxygen due to overheating and containment if transport vehicles are not equipped with air-conditioning or other heating equipment.
Second, feed nutrition
It is well known that in order for broilers to grow fast and have high feed conversion ratios, it is necessary to feed broilers with high-energy, high-protein full-priced feeds. Today's broiler feed formulator can easily design the full price feed for the nutrients needed for each growth stage of the broiler.
Because broiler chicken feed accounts for more than 60% of broiler production costs and high raw material prices in recent years, some feed companies use low-quality raw materials or excessive use of broiler's non-digestible raw materials, or artificially reduce them, for immediate consideration. Feed energy and protein levels. Obviously, this so-called "cost-effective" feed will lead to slower growth of broilers, slaughter the extension of the age, increase the risk of raising chickens and reduce the chicken house turnover rate, the end result is low broiler production performance and increase chicken costs.
Third, the environment of the chicken house
The body temperature of newborn chicks is between 39.4 and 41.1°C, with less subcutaneous fat, relatively less hair, poor insulation capacity, and poor ability to utilize energy to produce temperature. After 28 days of age, the feathers began to grow evenly, and the body temperature regulation mechanism began to improve, gradually adapting to the external environment, and the metabolism rate of the broilers themselves was particularly fast. These factors make broilers particularly high in temperature, humidity and air quality in the rearing environment. To meet the environmental control requirements of broilers, the healthy and rapid growth and development of broilers is guaranteed.
1. Temperature
The ambient temperature of 1-day-old chicks was controlled at 33°C-34°C. At the age of 7 days, the ambient temperature dropped to 30°C to 31°C. Later, as the chick's age increases, the weekly decline of 2 °C ~ 3 °C to 35 days of age when the chicken house temperature controlled at 19 °C ~ 20 °C. Special emphasis is placed on gradually lowering the ambient temperature of the house so that the temperature difference between the house and the house does not exceed 1°C per day to avoid causing cold stress.
2. Humidity
The first week of broiler humidity control in 60% to 65%. Later, as the age increases, the humidity is controlled within the range of 50% to 70%.
3. Ventilation
The rapid growth rate and strong metabolism of modern broilers require broilers to require at least 0.5 to 0.6 cfm/kg ventilation. The normal growth and development of broilers in addition to the air volume requirements, the more important is the air quality requirements. The air quality standards for qualified broiler houses are greater than 19.6% oxygen in air, less than 0.3% carbon dioxide, less than 10ppm ammonia and carbon monoxide, and less than 3.4 mg/m3 dust. A modern broiler house equipped with a fully automatic environmental control system can easily achieve the temperature, humidity and ventilation requirements of the broiler house, thereby providing better protection for the healthy and rapid growth of broilers.
Fourth, feeding technology
In the broiler breeding work for several decades, the breeding and management techniques that meet the growth and development rules of broilers were found, especially the application of 7-day-old body weight and light control technology to the broilers, which enabled the broilers to grow rapidly and obtain a higher survival rate.
1. Increase the weight of broilers at 7 days of age
The study found that a difference of 1g in the weight of a 7-day-old chicken resulted in a difference of 6.7g in broiler slaughter weight. Under good husbandry conditions, modern broilers are raised to 7 days of age and can weigh up to 4.5 times the weight of a 1-day old bird (180-210 g). Excellent 7-day-old broiler weight means that broilers grow well during brooding, and also indicate that there will be higher survival rate, feed conversion rate and evenness in the future.
In order to increase the 7-day-old weight of broilers, work is required to do the following:
(1) Feed the chicks as early as possible
After the chicks are hatched, it is beneficial to start the chicks as soon as possible to stimulate the development of digestive tracts and to produce good appetite. Recently, the broiler breeding expert of the US Cobb company conducted an experiment of eating for 7 hours after the hatching of the same source of the chicks. After the establishment of the chicken, the chicken was allowed to eat immediately, 12 hours after the chicken was eaten, and 24 hours after the chicken was eaten. 3 Experimental group. The body weights of chicks from 1 to 5 days of age in these three experimental groups and the intestinal weight of the chicks were measured.
(2) 3 days before brooding, laying a pad of paper to increase the intake area
In the actual broiler rearing work, it was found that if the brooding and feeding dish is equipped with the instructions of the brooding rearing equipment in the first week of the brooding, it will be difficult to ensure that the chicks will eat at the same time. The squat sac mealiness of the chicks is low after 6 hours of feeding. The uniformity of 7-day-old chicks was also significantly lower. This requires us to lay a pad on the bottom of the feed line or on both sides of the waterline in addition to feeding a single tray every 80 to 100 chicks three days before brooding. Pads cover 1/3 to 1/2 of the rearing area, and about 60 to 65 grams of material per chick is sprinkled on the mat to allow chicks to feed freely. This method can greatly increase the intake area, reduce the competition pressure among chicks, allow the chicks to eat as much as possible and eat more materials at the same time, which is very helpful for improving the 7-day-old weight and evenness of chicks.
(3) Drinking Water Management
Water is an important material for the growth and development of broilers. In the daily management of broilers, water management is very important. In the first week of brooding, improper management of drinking water can easily lead to increased oyster slaughter rate, poor uniformity, and unsatisfactory performance. In order to ensure that the chicks can drink water from the age of 1 day, and ensure that the chicks can find water within 3m. Consider using an automated waterline in the first week of broiler brooding, and add an additional water polo or other auxiliary drinking water facility to every 80 to 1,000 chicks.
2, lighting control technology
Freshly hatched chicks are small, weak, and need plenty of light to increase feed intake. In the first two days after the chicks entered the house, light hours of 24 hours and light intensity of 601 ux were applied to ensure that the chicks had more activity and more food. After 3 days of age, gradually reduce the time and intensity of light. After the growth of broilers up to 7 days of age, their muscles, bones, and feathers grow at a significantly faster rate, which keeps the various organs in the body in a state of stress. This is especially true for cardiopulmonary functions that are often unable to keep up with metabolic needs. Unique sudden death syndrome and ascites. At the same time, compared to fast-growing muscles, the development of broiler bones appears to be slow, and broiler chickens will develop leg problems.
In order to solve the problem of sudden death, ascites, and leg problems caused by the rapid growth of broilers, it is necessary to reduce the feed intake of chicks by using light control technology, that is, by reducing the light intensity and reducing the illumination time. When the intake of broilers is reduced, the growth rate is slowed down. The development of broiler muscles, the development of bones, and the development of the cardiovascular system are more balanced, and the survival rate of broilers is also increased. Usually, when the broiler weight reaches 167g, the light intensity is controlled at 5 to 10 lux and the light time is reduced to 18 hours; at 8 to 21 days of age, the light time is reduced to 16 to 12 hours; the broiler is 22 to 35 days old. At the time, the illumination time increased to 18 hours; when the dock reached 35 days of age, it increased the light time by 1 hour each day until it increased to 23 hours. In other words, 7 days before slaughter, broiler feeding was promoted by increasing the light time, and the purpose of rapid weight gain was achieved, so as to compensate for the weight loss caused by the reduction of the light time in the early period of keeping the broiler.
V. Comprehensive health and epidemic prevention measures
Everyone knows the importance of comprehensive health and epidemic prevention measures for feeding and management of broilers. However, many people in the industry do not pay much attention to this work. Counting on vaccines and drugs to prevent and control infectious diseases, it is thought that chickens have been vaccinated against a specific disease and the chickens have full protection against the disease. Even imagining feeding chickens to chickens, the chickens will not be sick or able to cure the disease.
Steel Road Barrier ,Buried-Free Tire Killer,Hydraulic Tyre Killer,Spikes Barrier Tyre Killer
Shenzhen Unisec Technology Co.,ltd , https://www.uniqscansecurity.com