Dust in pig houses mainly includes dust, dander, feedstuffs, and bedding powders. The amount of dust can be expressed as the weight or amount of dust per unit volume of air. Under normal circumstances, the dust content in the house is between 103 and 106/m3, and the amount of dust can be increased ten times by moving the bedding. Different types and different Pighouses in sanitary conditions also have large differences in dust content. When the pig house temperature and humidity are appropriate, the more dust in the air, the more microorganisms there are. In other words, this warm and wet condition is also suitable for the reproduction and growth of microorganisms. Dust is also a carrier of microorganisms.
Dust itself is irritating and toxic to pigs, and it also exacerbates the damage to pigs due to the adsorption of bacteria, toxic and harmful gases on it. Dust landing on the surface of the pig can be mixed with sebaceous gland secretions, dander, microbes, etc., to stimulate the skin itching, and then inflammation. Dust can also block sebaceous glands, make the skin dry, easy to damage, decreased resistance, dust can fall into the eyes can cause conjunctivitis and other eye diseases, was inhaled the respiratory tract, then on the nasal mucosa, trachea, bronchi stimulating effect, leading to respiratory inflammation, small particles Dust can also enter the lungs and cause pneumonia.
The dust content of the sow house should be no more than 1.0 mg/m3 on average in day and night of litter sow and suckling pig house, no more than 3.0 mg/m3 for finishing pig house, and no more than 1.5 mg/m3 for other house pigs.
The atmospheric air is relatively dry and lacks nutrients. The ultraviolet radiation from the sun has a bactericidal effect, which is detrimental to the survival of microorganisms. But there is a lot of dust floating in the air, and microorganisms can adhere to it. Microbial content in the air is generally higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, and it is less rainy and snowy than when it is windy. There are many dusts in the air in the pig house, the sunlight is weak in ultraviolet light, and there are many microbes, so the microbiological content of air in the house is much higher than in the atmosphere. The microbiological content of different pig houses is different due to the ventilation and ventilation conditions, the type and density of pigs in the house. The variation is relatively large. For example, there are 3 to 5 105 bacteria/m3 bacteria in the fattening house, and 106/m3 in poor ventilation, and 4 to 7105/m3 in the sow breeding house.
Microorganisms in the air are not fixed. In general, most of them are saprophytic bacteria, as well as cocci, actinomycetes, and yeasts. In areas where epidemics are endemic, there are pathogenic microorganisms in the air. The pathogenic microorganisms in the air can attach to the dust and spread it, which is called dust infection. It can also be attached to the droplets sprayed by the pigs. It is called droplet infection and the pig can spray a lot when it sneezes, coughs or cries. Droplets, a variety of pathogens can exist, causing the spread of pathogens. Dust-transmitted pathogens are generally resistant to external environmental conditions such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Erysipelas, and Tetanus, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium emphysema, etc. Pig anthrax It is through dust. The spread of respiratory droplets is mainly respiratory infectious diseases such as asthma and influenza.
To reduce the dust and microbes in the air of piggery, it is necessary to design rationally when constructing the site, correctly select the site, and reasonably arrange the site to prevent and eliminate the intrusion of infectious diseases; the manure should be promptly removed and the house should be cleaned and properly organized. Ventilation, regular disinfection and so on.
In the poorly ventilated or often sunlit enclosures, dust promotes the proliferation of various types of microorganisms, with up to 1 million bacteria per cubic meter of air. Among the common microbial species in piggery, the amount of Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp. And more saprophytic bacteria, actinomycetes and so on. A lot of germs of pigs can be transmitted through dust.
Dust itself has a direct effect on the health of the pig. Dust lands on the surface of the pig's body and forms scalp, which affects the heat of the skin, causing itching, even inflammation, dryness, and rupture. A large amount of dust falls on the conjunctiva and can cause conjunctivitis. Dust is inhaled into the respiratory tract by the pig and can cause conjunctivitis on nasal mucosa.
Dust is inhaled into the respiratory tract by the pig and mechanically irritates the nasal mucosa. What is more serious is that there are often pathogenic microorganisms on the dust that can spread pig diseases. The piggery should be cleared in time to avoid dust, maintaining reasonable ventilation or regular disinfection.
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