Lettuce is one of the vegetables grown in our province. The stems and leaves of lettuce can be eaten. The main edible part is the fleshy fleshy stem. It consists of stems during the vegetative period and stems during the reproductive growth period. The leaves contain more carotene, which can be eaten raw and cooked. Generally, 4000-5000 strains are planted per acre, and the yield is 3000-4000 kg. The amount of mu is 100 grams.
I. Variety selection
The varieties cultivated depend on the needs of the company's sales market. Suitable for local cultivation of Taiyuan lettuce, Xining white bamboo shoots and other varieties.
Second, the sowing period
The suitable sowing date for autumn lettuce in most of our province is from June to July.
Third, sowing method
Generally used after the first ridge planting, according to 80 cm wide row spacing ditch ridging, groove width 30 cm, ridge width 50 cm, double rows per ridge. The ridges are planted or broadcast live at a spacing of 35-40 cm. The suitable temperature for the germination of lettuce seeds is 10-30°C. It is difficult to germinate when the temperature is above 30°C. Therefore, when planting in the summer hot season, seeds must be soaked with cold water for 1-2 hours, and timely soiling and watering after sowing.
Fourth, management
1. After the seedlings are managed, they will pour a large amount of water, and then the seedlings will be planted in a timely manner. Although this method is labor-intensive at the time of seeding, the seedling stage is easy to manage, and the seedling grows robustly, and it is not easy for the stem stalk to appear hollow.
2. Fertilizer and water management Lettuce should be promoted after seedlings, watering less, cultivating more and more topdressing, so that the leaves will grow fully and nutrient will be accumulated for the hypertrophy of the stem; when the stems begin to swell and grow out of the leaves of the two leafy ring, Water, combined with water application of ternary compound fertilizer, prompts the stem to hypertrophy as soon as possible. This watering is a critical period from "control" to "promote." It is easy to make the leaves grow long and the stems are easy to smash. After the hypertrophy of the stem has been accelerated, the amount of water and fertilizer required will increase. At this time, fertilization will be based on flooding.
V. Integrated pest management
1. Types of major diseases and insect pests Diseases of lettuce cultivated in this area are less harmful, mainly including downy mildew. Insect pests mainly include aphids, whitefly, and spotted fly.
2. Comprehensive pollution prevention and control technologies (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Roots, stems, and leaves with purplish red or dark green varieties show disease resistance, such as sharp-leafed shoots and young leaf lettuces are more resistant to disease. (2) Strengthen cultivation management. Properly dense planting, pay attention to drainage, reduce the humidity in the field, clean the pastoral after harvest, rational fertilization, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, and strengthen pest control. (3) Chemical control. In the early stage of the onset of downy mildew, 25% metalaxyl WP was sprayed 600-800 times. Or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600-800 times liquid control.
3, chemical control drug standards In order to ensure food safety, when applying pesticides should do the following: strictly in accordance with the provisions of the safety interval, concentration, drug application methods; to avoid picking time, application should be picked, Post-administration; Chemical pesticides are strictly prohibited 10 days prior to harvest and biological preparations should be preferred. Different types of pesticides should be used alternately to control pests and diseases.
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