UV spectrophotometer consists of:
  Various types of UV-Vis spectrophotometers, in terms of their basic structure, are composed of five basic components, namely a light source, a monochromator, an absorption cell, a detector, and a signal indicating system. Figure 13-14
1. Light source
In the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, there are two types of commonly used light sources: a heat radiation source and a gas discharge source.
The heat radiation source is used in the visible light region, such as a tungsten lamp and a tungsten halogen lamp; the gas discharge source is used in an ultraviolet region such as a hydrogen lamp and a xenon lamp.
2 . Monochromator
The main components of the monochromator: the entrance slit, the exit slit, the dispersive element, and the collimator.
The quality of the monochromator is mainly determined by the quality of the dispersive components. Dispersive elements are commonly used for prisms and gratings.
3. Absorption pool
The absorption cell, also known as cuvette or cuvette , can be divided into a glass absorption cell and a quartz absorption cell according to the material, and the former cannot be used in the ultraviolet region. There are many types of absorption tanks, and the optical path can be between 0.1 and 10 cm, and the absorption tank with 1 cm diameter is most commonly used.
4 , detector
The function of the detector is to detect the optical signal and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. Most of the spectrophotometers used today use photocells or photomultiplier tubes as detectors.
5 , signal display system
Commonly used signal display devices include direct reading galvanometers, potential adjustment zeroing devices, and automatic recording and digital display devices.
The basic principle of the UV spectrophotometer:
The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of a molecule is an absorption spectrum generated by the transition of an electron level after absorption of ultraviolet visible radiation by certain groups in the molecule. It is a band spectrum that reflects information about certain groups in the molecule and can be qualitatively analyzed using standard spectrograms in combination with other means.
Lambert-Beer's law: When a bundle of parallel monochromatic light passes through a dilute solution containing a light absorbing material, the absorbance of the solution is proportional to the product of the concentration of the light absorbing material and the thickness of the liquid layer, ie A = kcl
   The proportional constant k in the formula is related to the nature of the light absorbing material, the wavelength of the incident light, and the temperature. c is the concentration of the light absorbing material, and l is the thickness of the light transmitting liquid layer.
UV spectrophotometer application :
Spectrophotometers have become routine instruments in modern molecular biology laboratories. Often used for nucleic acid, protein quantification and quantification of bacterial growth concentrations. Our laboratory is mainly used to measure the luminosity of a substance to determine the concentration or enzyme activity of a substance.
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