Breeding of black-breed chickens

Wuji, also known as Taihe chicken and black bone chicken, is native to Taihe County in Jiangxi Province. It has a history of feeding for more than 2,000 years and can be used as a dual-purpose food with high nutritional value. Wuji has a high level of nourishing and medicinal effects, has the effect of nourishing Yin and reducing fever, nourishing liver and tonifying kidney, and benefiting qi and blood. It is a rare and valuable medicinal chicken breed. This issue introduces a group of black-breeding chicken breeding techniques for farmers' reference.

Feeding methods

In order to build the cages, the Yangshang County must build a sheltered place with sunny weather, gentle weather, good drainage around the surrounding areas, and a convenient place away from residential areas. The size of the house depends on the topography and terrain. The ground is preferably a concrete structure. In the dry porous sandy area, mud land can also be used as the ground of the house. In a mild climate or in a hotter area, a double-slope roof can be used. The two walls are open. Two open windows in the front and back are open houses, characterized by shelter from fire and rain, summer ventilation, and the house is dry. Can be laid on the floor in the house 5 to 10 cm thick bedding and regular cleaning and replacement, or with a 15 cm thick bedding, a feeding cycle to replace once. Its advantages are simple breeding equipment, low cost, low incidence of breast cysts and leg diseases. The disadvantage is that it requires a large amount of litter, covers an area of ​​more, used litter is difficult to handle, and often become a source of infection, prone to chicken white Bacteremia and coccidiosis.

Broilers raised on the Internet in the brooding house before the 5th week of age and transferred to the web after 5 weeks of age are conducive to fully utilizing the brooding equipment and accelerating the development of the broiler in the later period. All the feeding areas in the house are covered with metal nets or wood and bamboo bars 60 cm above the ground, or a layer of elastic plastic square nets are laid on the metal floor supported by steel bars. Chicken droppings fall into the net, which can reduce the pollution of the feeding environment and have a significant effect on the control of coccidiosis. The incidence of breast cysts is significantly reduced. The disadvantage is that the equipment costs are high.

Breeding density A reasonable grasp of the density of black-boned chickens during the growing period can help the black-boned chicken avoid wasting feed, increase the growth rate, increase the ratio of meat to meat, and increase the economic benefits of black-bone chicken breeding. Usually 1 to 10 days of age, 40 to 50 per square meter; 10 to 20 days of age, 30 to 40 per square meter; 20 to 30 days of age, 25 to 30 per square meter; 30 to 60 days of age, per 20 to 25 square meters; 60 to 90 days old, 15 to 12 per square meter.

One of the brooding methods is to use a brooding cage for brooding. The heat source has electricity and other fuels. The advantages are high feeding efficiency per unit area of ​​the chicken house, saving litter and heat energy, low cost, high labor productivity, control of the occurrence and spread of ferrets and coccidiosis, and improvement of the survival rate of brooding.

The second is online brooding. The chicks are kept on the Internet 0.5 to 0.6 meters away from the ground. Mesh can leak manure and do not harm the chickens. The fences should be fenced around to prevent chicks from drilling out. After 2 weeks, feed troughs and drinking fountains can be hung outside the fence. The advantage is that it is easy to manage, the chicks do not come into contact with the feces, the incidence of disease can be reduced, and the survival rate of brooding is high.

Others include underground flue brooding, fire wall brooding, babysitter umbrella brooding, and infrared brooding.

Chicken Management

Insulation and moisture control Because the chicks are short and thin, they cannot resist cold, and they cannot regulate the temperature themselves. Under-temperature can cause the chicks to be hindered from growing and get squeezed. This can cause outbreaks of white feathers. If the humidity is too high, it can cause coccidiosis, so Ensure reasonable brooding temperature and humidity. The brooding room should be equipped with a thermometer to keep the temperature of the brooding room at any time.

Usually within 1 week of age, the temperature of the brooding chamber is 32°C~34°C, the humidity is 60%~65%, the temperature of 1~2 weeks of age is 28°C~32°C, the humidity is 60%~65%, 2~3 weeks old Temperature is 25°C~27°C, humidity is 60%~65%; 3~4 weeks old temperature is 23°C~25°C, humidity is 60%; after 4 weeks, temperature is about 20°C, humidity is 60%. In addition to the use of thermometers, it is also necessary to learn to “see chicken Schwenn”. The temperature is suitable for the chicks to be lively and active, the appetite is exuberant, the sleep is quiet, the chickens are evacuated and evenly prone. Low temperature chicks are vulnerable to colds and squeezing each other.

Newborn chicks have low body temperatures and are 2°C to 3°C cooler than adult chicks. The chicks began to rise slowly at 4 days of age and reached the temperature of the adult chicken at 10 days of age. Around 3 weeks of age, body temperature regulation function gradually improved, after 7-8 weeks of age has the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment temperature, digestive system development is not perfect, stomach volume is small, digestion is weak, likes to live in groups, timid, poor adaptability , The immune system is imperfect and the disease resistance is poor.

After drinking water and eating chicks for 20 hours, they can enter the brooding room, drink water first and then eat. Start drinking water with 5%~10% sugar water and drink for half a day to increase the survival rate. Before 10 days old chicks should drink warm water, the water temperature should be similar to room temperature. It is best to use a chick waterer for drinking water, and keep the water in the water dispenser for free use by the chicks. Drink water for 2 to 4 hours before eating. Soak the feed with water, spread it on the ground, spread it evenly on the plastic sheet, allow the chicks to feed freely, and feed the feed directly to the feed. However, no matter which kind of feed you feed, you must add 0.2% chloramphenicol or 0.2% sulfamethoxazole for 3 to 5 days, or add broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as ofloxacin in drinking water to control the occurrence of chicken fleas disease. . The difference between black bone chicken and other chicken species is that congenital white feather disease is particularly serious. Therefore, during the brooding period, drugs should be used alternately and without interruption. After feeding for 3 to 5 days with a plastic sheet, they should be replaced with small wooden troughs or plastic troughs. Feed it once in 3~4 hours during the day and once in 4~5 hours in the evening. In short, keep constant water and feed.

The chicken's digestive function is weak and must be fed to easily digestible feed, such as semi-ripe millet and mix in cooked egg yolk. After 10 days of age, 10%~20% cornmeal can be added to the feed and 8%~10% chopped green feed. 1% to 1.5% bone meal, 1% to 1.5% fishmeal, and 0.5% water-washed fine sand. After 30 days of age, it is possible to feed powdered and mixed chopped vegetables and add bone meal, fish meal, shell powder, etc., and also feed 1 or 2 times of pellets (such as millet, barley, etc.) every day. In general, the feed during the brooding period was 19% crude protein, less than 6% crude fiber, 0.8% to 1.3% calcium, 0.6% phosphorus, 0.3% sodium chloride, and less than 14% moisture. Feed during the growth period required crude protein to be 17%, crude fiber was less than 6%, calcium was 0.7% to 1.2%, phosphorus was 0.55%, sodium chloride was 0.3%, and moisture was less than 14%.

Breeder management

The breeding of chickens in stages is aimed at preventing them from becoming overgrown, saving feed and increasing economic efficiency. In the first stage, from the start of production to 20 weeks of egg production, the egg production rate of breeders peaks at 10 to 20 weeks after the start of production. Therefore, the protein level in the diet can be from 16% at the time of opening to the time of production. In 7 weeks, it increased to 17% to 19%; in the second stage, from 21 to 40 weeks of egg production, the protein level in the diet remained at 16%; after the 41th week of the third stage, the protein level in the diet could be reduced to 15 %.

The environmental condition of the chicken house directly affects the hen's health and egg production rate. It is necessary to create appropriate environmental conditions for the black-bone chicken. The optimum temperature is 13°C~25°C; the light time is 14~16 hours per day and the light intensity is within 15 square meters. 40 watts light is appropriate, black chicken is very frightened so the environment should be quiet.

Egg-laying hens are prone to lack of trace elements. When they are deficient in calcium, they will produce soft-shelled eggs and thin-shelled eggs. The egg production rate will also drop by more than 15%. Pre-laying black-bone chicken has a high calcium utilization rate, which is lower in the later period. Therefore, the content of calcium in the feed should be increased with the increase of the age and the decrease of the laying rate. However, calcium content should not be too high, otherwise it will affect the palatability of the feed, and thus affect the chicken's egg production rate.

Disease prevention and control

Chicken Newcastle disease is an acute, highly contagious, septic infection caused by a virus. The mortality rate is 90% to 100%. The incubation period is 3 to 5 days. The disease often dies suddenly without any disease. Mainly regular vaccination, enhance chicken immunity. The chicken Newtown vaccine currently produced in China has four types of I, II, III and IV strains.

Chicken cholera An acute septic communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogen is a gram-negative bacillus called Pasteurella. All kinds of poultry can infect this disease, chickens and ducks are most susceptible to infection, and goose infection is poor. Mainly through the digestive tract and respiratory tract infections, skin wounds can also be infected. There are a large number of pathogens in the excreta and secretions of diseased chickens. Contaminated feed, drinking water, utensils, and sites are the media for spreading the disease. Chicken cholera incubation period is about 4 to 9 days, divided into the most acute type, acute type and chronic type three kinds of diseases. The disease is mainly used sulfa drugs sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine, long-acting sulfonamides, the effect of 0.1 ~ 0.2 grams per kilogram per day is better. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and tetracycline also received good results, with 0.15-0.3 grams of oxytetracycline per chicken per day.

Chicken Marek's disease A chicken-borne disease caused by a virus. Mortality is high. It occurs in chickens between 2 and 5 months of age. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Prima chicks are protected against immunization with Marek’s vaccine. Strictly enforce the sanitation and hygiene of chicken coops and utensils; find diseased chickens and eliminate them immediately, completely eliminating the source of infection.

Chicken pox chicken is a highly contagious disease. Its characteristic is that in the body's hairless and less hairy parts, the skin undergoes a proliferative pathological process, producing pterygium-like poxes, and a fibrinoid necrotic pseudomembrane formed in the oral cavity and throat mucosa. The chicken pox incubation period is 4 to 10 days and it can usually be divided into skin type, diphtheria type, and mixed type. In addition to strengthening the hygiene management of chickens and general preventive measures, the disease can be vaccinated with a chickenpox attenuated vaccine, which has a significant effect.

Roundness Measuring Instrument

A roundness meter is a measuring tool that uses the rotation axis method to measure the roundness error of a workpiece. The roundness tester is divided into two types: sensor rotary and workbench rotary. During measurement, the measured part is installed concentric with the precision shaft system, and the precision shaft is equipped with an inductive length sensor or workbench for precise circular motion. The roundness meter consists of an instrument's sensor, amplifier, filter, and output device. If the instrument is equipped with a computer, the computer is also included in this system.

A roundness meter is a precision instrument used to measure the out of roundness of a rotating surface (shaft, hole, or spherical surface) of a component. There are usually two types: small desktop, where the workpiece is mounted on a rotating workbench and the measuring head is mounted on a fixed column; Large floor mounted, with the workpiece installed on a fixed workbench and the measuring head installed on the rotating spindle. During measurement, the measuring head contacts the surface of the workpiece, and the rotating part of the instrument (workbench or spindle) rotates for one cycle. Due to the extremely high accuracy of the supporting bearings in the rotating part, the measuring head will generate a high-precision circular trajectory on the measured surface during rotation. The out of roundness of the measured surface causes the measuring head to shift and transform into an electrical (or pneumatic) signal. After amplification, it can be automatically recorded on a circular recording paper, and the out of roundness of each part can be directly read out for accuracy evaluation and process analysis. Widely used in precision bearings, machine tools, and instrument manufacturing industries.

The roundness meter adopts a radius measurement method and operates in a rotating manner. The rotation axis system of the roundness meter adopts a high-precision air floating spindle as the measurement reference; The electrical part of the roundness tester is composed of advanced computers, precision circular grating sensors, and precision inductance displacement sensors. The circular grating sensors and precision inductance displacement sensors measure angle and radial displacement, ensuring the accuracy of measuring the angular displacement and radial value of the workpiece; The roundness meter measurement software adopts a roundness measurement software based on the Chinese version of WinXP operating system platform, completing data collection, processing, and measurement data management.

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