Design of Blood Pressure Remote Diagnosis System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract: For hospitals, the physical indicators of patients have always been closely watched by doctors, because these indicators may face ups and downs at any time, and these sudden changes are likely to be ignored by doctors and cause unnecessary casualties, especially It is possible that the loss at night may be even greater. To this end, the author designed a remote wireless diagnostic system, and analyzed it from two aspects of hardware and software. After testing, the system has the characteristics of high sensitivity and long transmission distance, and also has the characteristics of false positive rate and low misdiagnosis rate.
0 Preface
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to their own health, and more and more patients come to the hospital for treatment. The basic physiological characteristics of each patient (such as heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, etc.) are of concern to doctors. Focus, these small physiological characteristics are not sure or untimely will lead to many unnecessary casualties. On the contrary, if the judgment is accurate and processed in a timely manner, it will greatly reduce the loss and even save lives. At present, most hospitals collect basic physiological characteristics of patients in two main ways: for ordinary patients, every time (usually hours or a day) to the patient to measure; for special critically ill patients, there are special personnel to monitor 24h . The first way is easy because the doctor's negligence or poor sense of responsibility leads to the lack of detection or time, and the more serious hidden danger is that the mutations of the patient's physiological characteristics are often not detected, and these mutations are most likely to contain The important disease information is the key point of diagnosis. Once it is missed, the consequences can be imagined. The second method can greatly reduce the missed diagnosis, but it is very time-consuming and laborious, resulting in unnecessary waste of human resources.
In view of the above shortcomings, the author proposes a remote diagnosis system, the biggest advantage of which is that as long as the monitoring system is bound to the patient, it will be monitored at all times, and the monitoring results will be automatically uploaded to the monitoring center, which is truly realized. In the case of unattended, it can be measured in time. When a patient's indicator exceeds the limit, the system can send an alarm to remind the doctor and record the abnormal information at the moment. In addition, the system uses wireless communication, which brings great convenience in use, and is not subject to the position or posture of the patient.
1 Remote diagnostic system module design
1.1 System design function requirements
The system is designed to solve the problem that the patient can automatically report the condition to the doctor in the unattended situation, which not only ensures that the patient's condition is discovered and treated in time, but also relieves the doctor's 24h care, even if the doctor is not present. The ward can also keep abreast of the patient's physical condition.
In order to meet the above requirements, the system must have the following functions.
1) Automatic blood pressure monitoring: The blood pressure monitor should be able to be tied to the patient's body surface for blood pressure monitoring;
2) Signal transmission: The blood pressure monitor should send the measured blood pressure value to the hospital testing center by radio frequency at regular intervals;
3) Acceptance of the signal: After receiving the blood pressure value sent by the blood pressure monitor, the monitoring center needs to store and draw a blood pressure curve;
4) Alarm: When the blood pressure is abnormal, the blood pressure monitor can sound an alarm to remind the patient, and the detection center also needs to issue an alarm to inform the doctor that there is an abnormal situation that needs urgent treatment.
1.2 module design ideas
The function of the detecting end is to wear the intelligent blood pressure detector on the patient. The STC89C52 is the main control unit, and the blood pressure is measured by the micro pressure method. The NRF24L01 is used as the 2.4G radio frequency transmitting module, and the buzzer is used as the alarm device. The system transmits the detected blood pressure value every 1 s, and when the blood pressure exceeds the normal range, the buzzer will give an alarm.
The function of the control center is mainly to accept the data sent by each detection terminal. It also uses STC89C52 as the main control unit, and NRF24L01 as the 2. 4G radio frequency acceptance module. The module has one RS232 interface connected to the computer, 2.4G The data that is sent is sent to the computer through the interface, and the computer software processes the data and draws a curve. Similarly, when the blood pressure is outside the normal range, the computer will give an alarm.
2 system hardware design function description
2.1 blood pressure tester
The sphygmomanometer used in this system is a contact sphygmomanometer. This sphygmomanometer generally adopts a micro-pressure method. The measurement module is placed on the patient's arm or wrist, and the skin on the arm follows the pulse because of the pulse beat. The pressure sensor, the sensor is converted into a strong and weak electrical signal under the action of the extrusion, the electric signal is output to the AD chip through amplification, filtering, etc., and is converted into a digital signal and then transmitted to the single-chip computer for calculation and processing, and the AD chip is adopted. ADC0832 serial data output, in which the second pin AOUT is connected to the voltage signal output by the sphygmomanometer, CS, CLK and DO are respectively connected to the three IO ports of the MCU, as shown in Figure 1.
2.2 Radio Frequency Solution
There are many radio frequency solutions on the market today, but the mature solutions mainly include 315M, 433M and 2.4G, etc. They have their own characteristics and have their own application fields. Among the three, the frequency of 315M is relatively low, and the communication speed is low. It is slower, but the loss during transmission is small, the transmission distance is far, and the wall penetration ability is also the strongest. On the contrary, the 2.4G frequency is relatively high, and the communication speed is correspondingly fast, but the loss during transmission is relatively large. The transmission distance is relatively short, and the natural wall penetration ability is also weak. At the same time, since the popular WIFI and Bluetooth technologies are also adopting the 2.4G scheme, the 2.4G environment is relatively complicated and is easily interfered by communication. Combining the above analysis, Decided to use 433M radio, both the speed and the distance.
The 433M chip in the design uses the SI4432 module. It is an ISM band wireless transceiver chip introduced by Silicon in 2009. It has the characteristics of small size and low power consumption. Its working frequency range is 240-960MHz, and the maximum output power can reach + 20DBm, Figure 2 is the wiring diagram of the chip.
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