Beef cattle in different growth and development stages, different growth rates and different environmental conditions, the demand for a variety of nutrients is very different. If you can fully meet the nutritional needs of beef cattle, you can maximize the production potential.
1, energy. The role of energy is to ensure the metabolism of cattle and maintain the daily life activities of cattle. The lack of energy in the diet will lead to a reduction in the weight of the beef cattle, which will be decomposed by the nutrients stored in the body tissues and release energy to maintain the life activities of the beef cattle. Therefore, in the fattening process of beef cattle, we must ensure that the cattle supply enough energy. Because of the role of rumen microbes, cattle can use a considerable amount of roughage as an energy source.
2, protein. Protein is the basic ingredient of all living cells. Beef cattle need protein first to supplement the loss of the body tissue, such as the growth of hair, horns, hoofs, synthesis of enzymes and hormones, followed by weight gain. As the normal hay and straw contain less protein, protein feed or non-protein nitrogen needs to be added during the beef finishing stage.
3, minerals. Minerals account for 3 to 4% of the body weight of an animal and are an indispensable component of body tissues and cells. In addition to the formation of bones, it mainly maintains acid-base balance in body fluids, regulates osmotic pressure, and participates in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and certain vitamins. Some of the major minerals are salt, calcium, phosphorus and so on called constant elements.
Salt - should be supplied regularly, allowing cattle to feed freely or add to the diet;
Calcium - When the increase of concentrate feed during the fattening stage of beef cattle, necessary supplements must be given;
Phosphorus - can be added to diets based on nutritional requirements of beef cattle for supplementation.
The trace elements associated with beef cattle include selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, and iodine. Under normal circumstances, these trace elements will not be lacking. It is only necessary to supplement the diet in areas where soil lacks certain elements.
4, vitamins. Vitamins are low molecular organic compounds that are essential for maintaining the normal physiological function of livestock and poultry. A lack of vitamins in the diet can lead to growth retardation. The most vulnerable to beef cattle is vitamin A. It is recommended that 6600 IU of vitamin A be replenished per 100 kg of body weight in a basal straw-based diet.
5, water. Water is an important part of the animal's body. The water requirement of beef cattle is affected by many factors such as the rate of weight gain, activity, diet type, food intake and external environment. Generally, 250-450 kg of fattening cattle have a drinking capacity of 25-35 kg at an ambient temperature of 10°C.
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