The donkey is a very good breed of livestock. It has strong resistance to disease, low food intake, and is not a picky eater. The amount of feed used is about half of that of horses. Do not love the groove, eat on the lower slot. Heat, cold and strong.
Assortment selection and breeding
1. Purchase
It is best to choose the Texas donkey in Shandong Province. This breed is a large donkey species and can be used as a meat donkey for fattening and meaty delicious.
1 donkey standard (for) male adult 1.36 meters tall, body length 1.36 meters, chest 1.49 meters, 0.17 meters around the tube, weight 270 kg. The female body is 1.3 meters high, 1.3 meters long, 1.49 meters in chest, 0.16 meters in circumference, and 245 kilograms in weight.
2 Reproductive performance Generally 12 to 15 months of sexual maturity, 25 months of breeding, the average cycle of 21 to 23 days, 5 to 7 days of estrus, 360 days of pregnancy. The first post-natal period of estrus is 11 days, and 12 to 16 babies are born at the end of production. The birth weight of juveniles is 22 to 35 kg.
2. Breeding
In the self-breeding donkey cubs, you should carefully select and carefully select the outstanding donkey for the donation year after year. To choose a wide chest, deep bones, rounded back bones, straight back, full abdomen, clear joints, correct posture, strong limbs, eyes are full of God, full of energy, advanced male progenitors, normal testicular development, female full-wheel drive is full Well-developed breasts. Constantly expand the population and continue to develop.
3. Feeding
The breeding of breeding donkeys must also be very elaborate. The females must not raise excessive fat in the early stages, and the males must be vigorous and strong and energetic to prepare for breeding. The best choice for breeding is to select artificial insemination in order to increase the utilization rate of the donkey and the conception rate. In places where grazing conditions exist, grazing can be performed every day in summer and autumn, but “greening†is prevented during grazing, and the number and time of grazing are dependent on the temperature in winter.
In late pregnancy, females should be fed with carrots and pancake feeds. Before labor, the amount of feeds should be reduced. Care must be taken to ensure that they are taken care of when giving birth. It is best to find a qualified nurse to ensure that no accidents occur.
Feeding in groups: donkeys and rearing donkeys are reared separately, and males and females are reared separately. When the estrus is paired, they are put together again. The blood relationship between male and female donkeys is far away, and the quality of the offspring is improved, and the quality of offspring is excellent. Separate the milking pups from the finishing donkeys.
Feeding costs
The average birth weight of young cubs is 28.5 kilograms. Scientific management, careful breeding of birth cubs up to 35 kilograms or more, lactation 60 days, fattening period 120 days, special grades can grow to 130 kilograms, Grade 1 115 kilograms, Grade 2 105 kilograms, Level 3 95 kg, average 110 kg, finishing period 120 days, 45 kg of refined feed (including 12 kg of cakes and clams), cereals such as corn, barley, wheat, and bran, 0.45 kg of salt, special fattening Donkey concentrated feed, vitamin supplements and trace elements, etc., from the young cubs need to feed 25 kg of carrots, about 500 kg of roughage, mainly corn straw and silage, feeding straw should be crushed, rubbed, fine grass fine material. The total cost of feed is about 125 yuan. Farmers with more land or pastures with land can plant some alfalfa grass. The grass is a perennial leguminous plant, rich in nutrition, good palatability, is the highest quality variety in pasture, rich in a variety of nutrients, protein content of hay 14.9%, dry leaf 22.5%. Feeding value is very high, the North can grow the United States Golden Queen, Canadian reindeer, Gongnong No. 1, Jiamusi and other varieties, the cold hardiness of the species, the wintering rate of 90% or more, can be harvested 3 times a year, the South can also be planted other high-quality The varieties can be harvested for 5 to 6 days a year, normal rain or water-saving irrigation, yielding 7,500 kg of hay, 1 to 1.5 kg of fresh grass, and adding some artificially grown high-quality forage grass will not increase the cost.
Feeding and Drinking
According to eating less, and do not love the groove, eat the habit of feeding the tank on time, according to the amount of feeding, especially at night must be fed well, can not cope with the matter. The donkey is an equine animal and folks have a legend that horses are not fat when they don't eat at night. To use soaked bean cakes, soybean meal, and cornmeal water seasoning, the summer season must depend on tank feeding. Grasp the amount of feeding and clean the tank so as not to eat the rest. After winter, it is easy to thaw. Drink water in a timely manner, be sure to drink clear water, drink warm water in winter.
Feeding and management
1. Location and layout of housing
Large and medium-sized farms should be located far away from villages, large and small roads, upwinds, water sources that cannot be contaminated, hilly areas to be built on sunny slopes, and well-lit, with a length of 3.0 to 3.2 meters and a width of 3.0 to 3.2 meters. 1.65 meters, 1.80 meters south wall, an average of 2 square meters per donkey. Farms and farms must be built in the courtyard, with windows and doors facing the sun. There are also two north windows. The dimensions are based on the length of the house. It is best to open on two sides, block in the winter, and ventilate in the summer. . In winter, use plastic sheeting to seal the windows, and install two 0.5m 0.5m sunroofs on both sides of the front of the donkey's house at any time so that the temperature, humidity and ventilation can be properly adjusted in winter. In the area of ​​outdoor activities, donkeys should try to avoid strenuous activities outside their homes. Outside activities in winter should be reduced as much as possible. During the finishing period, no grazing should be conducted so as to avoid energy consumption affecting weight gain. The manger must be placed on the Yang surface, east-west direction, and scientific breeding to change the old customs.
2. Epidemic prevention
Epidemic prevention is the most important link in the aquaculture industry. It is directly related to the success or failure of the business. Vaccination should be conducted at the appropriate time according to the requirements of epidemic prevention (Ma Chuan Poor Vaccine) to drive 2 insects. Every day, the feces in the house must be removed and rinsed, and also washed. The manger and the feces storage place should be far away from the house and be downwind to keep the environment inside and outside the house clean. Flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches can be killed by 4% of Forlin solution plus sugar and flies like rice. Rats and rats can use rat poison, but don't allow the donkey to eat it. They find that the dead rat burns immediately and find that the rat hole is immediately blocked. Disinfect regularly to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.
3. System standardization
It is necessary to formulate a standardized feeding system, a feeding system, an epidemic prevention system, a grazing system, a disinfection system, and scientific breeding.
Benefit Analysis
The 180-day average weight is about 110 kilograms, about 50 kilograms of net meat, 30 yuan per kilogram for 1,500 yuan, and about 260 yuan for skin and sewer, for a total of 1,760 yuan, minus 200 yuan in feed, wages, and utilities. Miscellaneous expenses and vaccine costs, each donkey will earn a profit of around 1,560 yuan in 180 days, and retail profits will be higher. Gradually expand the scale, slaughter can be quarantine qualified meat, sewer finishing, fine packaging, sent to supermarkets and large and medium-sized shopping malls to sell, profits will be higher. Live donkeys can also be sold for about 1600 yuan. Donkey skin is the main raw material for the production of blood-enhancing drug, ejiao, and the male reproductive system is also a good medicine for nourishing yin and yang.
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