In the high-temperature season, severe weather such as storms, continuous rain, typhoon, hail, high temperature, and drought frequently occur in some of the main producing areas of vegetables. To guide local sciences in dealing with severe weather, the vegetable expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture proposed the following technical guidance.
Defensive storm typhoon
Rain protection: The northern greenhouse, especially the earth wall greenhouse, should prevent rain erosion from flushing the exposed wall and back slope. Covering the outside of the wall and the back slope with felt and plastic film, the condition can be upgraded to plaster hardening. Brick and soil composite wall. Large and medium arch sheds and shading facilities should be protected from heavy rain and winds, tightening the ropes and strengthening the shed film.
Drainage and flood prevention: Deepen and dredge drainage ditches to improve drainage capacity of ditches. Design a scientific and reasonable drainage system, paying particular attention to the width and depth of the drainage ditch and the spacing of drainage gutters at all levels. In low-lying parks, digging trenches should be built to build cofferdams, and pumping machinery should be prepared. Accumulation of water or rainwater inflows should be drained in time to clear up debris such as dead branches, stones, and soil in the drains. The open field vegetable fields need to be digged and drained in rainy weather to prevent the stagnant water from causing the roots of vegetables. Mature vegetables are harvested in time to prevent rain rot.
Prevention of strong winds: The northern greenhouse facilities are in high temperature and boring stage. Regularly inspect the film for damage and repair it in time. The nursery facilities are in progress. Pay attention to check and reinforce the shade nets and insect nets; Reinforced poles and vine ropes; Green leafy vegetables can take small arches to cover shade nets and membranes to shelter from wind and rain
Defense against high temperature and drought
Reduce the temperature: When the temperature is high, the shade net can be used to cool the shade. The shade net should be placed close to the maximum temperature suitable for the growth of the vegetables. The shade net should be rolled up when the maximum temperature is suitable for the growth of the vegetables. The net should be covered all day to avoid affecting the normal photosynthesis of the vegetables. Solanaceous vegetables are controlled at 25-30°C during the day; melon vegetables are controlled at 25-32°C during the day.
Ventilation and ventilation: During the summer production of shed vegetables, ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the temperature of the shed. Pay attention to open the upper and lower air outlets of the booth to allow convection of air inside and outside the booth and accelerate the discharge of hot air, which will help reduce the temperature inside the booth. Insect nets should be placed below the air outlets to prevent pests from directly entering or transmitting diseases.
Moisture control: According to the humidity, spray or water can be used to regulate humidity. For bare ground between crop lines, wheat straw, corn stalks and other coverings can be spread to prevent overheating of the ground and moisturize.
Prevent the occurrence of drought: Pay attention to the prevention of high temperature and drought. It is necessary to check the restoration of drought-resistant equipment, and to play the role of water-saving and drought-resistant irrigation facilities such as drip irrigation and micro-spraying to ensure the need for drought resistance during high-temperature drought.
Field Science Management
Seedling management: Summer is the breeding season for autumn quinces and wintering buckwheat vegetables. The optimum temperature for common vegetable seedlings is 20-28°C, soil moisture 60%-80%, and drought-resistance. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the maintenance of nursery facilities to prevent water accumulation inside the shed. The management is based on control, promotion and control combined to prevent leggy seedlings and cultivate age-appropriate seedlings.
Water and fertilizer management: watering should be carried out in the morning and evening. Watering at high temperatures is prohibited so as not to affect the root metabolism and water absorption capacity of the plants. After the vegetables in the shed, they should be ventilated and ventilated in time to prevent the humidity from causing diseases. Spraying foliar fertilizer reasonably according to plant growth will improve the resistance of plants, and the top-dressing should pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Pest control: Adhering to the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, increase ventilation to reduce air humidity, and adopt physical control methods such as insect nets, sticky board, sex attractants, and insecticidal lamps, combined with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue. pesticide. When vegetables are harvested, they must strictly follow the safety intervals for the use of pesticides to ensure the quality and safety of the vegetables.
Post-disaster remedial measures
Repair facilities as soon as possible: Damaged shed membranes, sunshade nets, etc. can be repaired in a timely manner. Replacement cannot be done as soon as possible. Re-build and tighten the lamination lines to fix the facilities so as to prevent windstorms and rainstorms from harming again. Follow-up production is not affected.
Strengthen the management of vegetables: For those who have suffered serious losses and caused an unacceptable income, they must promptly remove stubborn leaves and prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by decay. At the same time, timely clear up the garden, seize the time to grab seeds, according to the situation can be directly melons, beans and other vegetables, but also can grab a short growing period of cabbage, rape and other fast-growing vegetables. For the melons and vegetables that are harvested at a positive time and the damage is not severe, the plant should be righted and tied in time to trim the damaged shoots and harvest the mature fruits. Take loose soil topdressing, extra-root topdressing and other measures to promote plant growth. First, we must adopt foliar spray fertilizer to increase photosynthetic capacity and enhance stress resistance. We can use foliar fertilizer once every 7 days and spray it three times in succession. Second, we must strengthen cultivating soil and enhance root activity. Third, we must strengthen fertilizer and water management and make timely Fertilizer. Apply 15 kg of urea and 4 kg of potassium sulfate per acre to promote recovery and development.
Prevention of pests and diseases: Post-disaster vegetables are prone to diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, early blight, soft rot, and pests such as mites, whiteflies, red spiders, cabbage caterpillars, and Spodoptera littoralis. Insecticides are used to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, and they are renewed at intervals of about 7 days. Observe and strengthen prevention and control, so that the incidence of diseases and insect pests is low and low.
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