Key Techniques of Water Saving Irrigation for "Three Reasons and One Down" in Apple Orchard

The apple is one of the tree species that consumes a large amount of water. Each time the orchard has an irrigation volume of 90-105 cubic meters per mu, and the annual water consumption is 250-300 cubic meters per mu. Causes of excessive water use in orchards: The water consumption patterns of apple trees are unclear. Producers blindly choose irrigation periods, irrigation volumes, and irrigation locations. To ensure high yields, irrigation times are often increased and the amount of irrigation water is increased, leading to water resources. Serious waste.

The "three-adaptation and one-drop" irrigation technology of apple orchards, under the premise of guaranteeing the normal growth and development of fruit trees, adopts timely, appropriate, suitable irrigation, and combines a series of agronomic measures to reduce the water consumption of the tree and the evaporation of the soil. In order to achieve the goal of reducing the amount of orchard irrigation and improving the efficiency of irrigation water production.

1. Irrigate on time.

Using the runoff system to continuously monitor the apple tree trunk runoff, combined with the comprehensive performance of fruit production and quality under irrigation test treatment in different periods, it was concluded that the apple tree after flowering and fruit speed is the key irrigation period of apple.

2. Appropriate amount of irrigation.

The appropriate amount of irrigation for each soil orchard with full tree tray irrigation method: sandy apple orchard, irrigation volume 25 mm up to the main distribution of the root system, soil relative moisture content of 55% can meet the water requirement for fruit growth; loam In the orchards, the irrigation volume of 75 mm can reach the main distribution area of ​​the roots, ensuring the yield and quality; clay orchards, when the relative soil moisture content is 50% (the critical value of the soil moisture content of fruit trees), the irrigation amount of fruit trees in the high yield period can infiltrate to 100 mm. The concentrated distribution area of ​​the absorption root can be filled with 50 mm of irrigation water in the early fruit period. Sand is suitable for a small number of irrigation methods, while clay is suitable for a large number of irrigation methods.

3. Suitable irrigation.

The spatial distribution and the optimal irrigation position of the main absorption roots of apple under different soil types: The optimal irrigation position of apple trees in the early fruit period is within 50-140 cm from the trunk, and the best irrigation position of apple trees in the high yield period. It is within 40-160 cm from the trunk.

4. Reduce water consumption.

1 The tree tray gathers water and reduces consumption. Tree plate water-covering and consumption reduction technology is a new method for the efficient use of natural precipitation in orchards with simple operation and significant effect. It is based on the boundary between the orchard centerline and the slope on one side (water collection surface), with the middle line between the rows being the highest. Point, the base of the tree is the lowest point and intersects with the horizontal plane, the other side maintains the water level (water storage surface), and covers the grass on the water storage surface to increase the efficiency of natural precipitation, reduce transpiration water consumption, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil structure. the goal of.

2 Use a suitable tree shape and use pruning to adjust the amount of branches. Can use the main branch drooping, high dry spindle and cylindrical tree. During winter dormancy, pruning is carried out to adjust the structure of the tree, to dispose the large branches closely, and to rationally allocate the branches and branches at all levels to make full use of the space and maintain the balance of tree vigor. The number of branches per acre is about 60,000. During the growing season, the pruning of the growing season controls the growth of upright or prosperous shoots by twisting shoots, pulling branches, softening the shoots, and picking up the hearts. The sparse or extremely short shoots are used to shoot new shoots and reduce the photosynthetic function. , reduce tree transpiration.

3 Orchard coverage. Orchard-covered grass can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, improve the utilization of water, but also conducive to soil and water conservation, reduce water runoff, prevent soil erosion; orchard grass cover can increase soil organic matter content, promote soil microbial activity, improve soil fertility.

The source of orchards covered by orchards covers a wide range of sources and types. Organic matter produced by various crop straws and defoliation, green manure, weeds, heap manure, sawdust, and seaweed can all be adapted to local conditions.

Orchard grass cover is generally covered in soil after defrosting, but it can also be covered in adequate summer grass source. The thickness of the straw should be 20-30 cm. Under the tree cover wheat straw or weeds, the first year of 1500 kilograms per mu, the second year of 1000 kilograms per mu, the third year of 500 kilograms per mu, can maintain a thickness of 20 cm covered grass. According to the production experience, the whole park cover grass is not conducive to the rapid infiltration of precipitation into the soil, precipitation consumes more by evaporation, so the production of tree trays cover grass. The specific approach is: Before the grass is covered in the middle of the two rows of trees to build a 30-50 cm wide raft or work lane, the tree raft leveling to make the near the trunk slightly higher, cover the grass when leaving about 20 cm around the trunk, In order to allow the water to seep into the soil as soon as possible after the rainfall along the trunk and pods.

4 spray anti-transpiration agent. Our self-developed “fruit steam-reducing agent” has a significant effect on reducing the transpiration water consumption of apple trees. Compared with the commercially available anti-evaporation agent dry baby, it has the characteristics of convenient use, low cost, and long-lasting drug efficacy. 30 days. In the period of 6-9 months when the tree transpiration is relatively large, an anti-transpiration agent can be sprayed once every 20-30 days.

The "three adaptations and one downs" irrigation technology in apple orchards has played a huge role in saving the amount of irrigation water in the orchards, improving economic efficiency, and increasing farmers' income.

Pharmaceutical Grade

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Product Name: Shikonin

Other Name : Shikonin Powder

Specification: 10%/30%/ 98%

Appearance: Dark Red Purple Powder

Form: Powder

Storage: Store in cool and dry places, keep away from strong light.

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