This summer, rapeseed continued to increase production and hit a record high. The meteorological department predicts that due to the El Niño event, low temperature and rainy weather may occur in the Yangtze River basin in the autumn, and the harvest of the previous rice harvest will be delayed, which will adversely affect the timely planting of rapeseed. In order to effectively implement the key technical measures for rapeseed disaster prevention and mitigation, and strive to capture the bumper harvest of rapeseed next year, the Oil Industry Experts Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center will study and put forward the technical guidance for winter rapeseed production in 2014/2015.
First, select suitable varieties and promote high-yield and high-efficiency technology models
All localities should combine resource conditions, planting systems and production practices, and select new varieties of “double low three high†(low erucic acid low sulphur, high yield, high efficiency and high resistance) according to local conditions, supporting direct ploughing, ditching (straight) sowing, and seedling raising. High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology models such as transplanting. In the two-crop area, the use of rice oil mechanical live broadcast, rice oil trenching broadcast, dryland nesting (live) technical mode, should use antibacterial nuclear disease, stain resistance, dense planting, lodging resistance of mid-maturing varieties.
For the cotton field transplanting and paddy field transplanting technology mode, medium (late) cooked varieties with antibacterial nuclear disease, lodging resistance, strong individual development ability and super high yield should be selected. In the rice-rice-rice three-crop area, live broadcast should be used. Early-maturing varieties with antibacterial nuclear disease, strong lodging resistance, cold tolerance, and early flowering should be used. For seedling transplanting, medium and early maturing varieties should be used. In view of the high frequency and serious hazard of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in recent years, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting rapeseed varieties with low sensitivity to sclerotinia and above, and prevent the occurrence of Sclerotinia.
Second, increase the seeding density, grab the early broadcast and preserve the seedlings
The early sowing and increasing density of winter rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin is the key to achieving high yield. Due to the delay in the growth period of the former rice, it is necessary to do a good job of rapeseed robbery and early planting, and strive to broadcast the whole seedling. Two cooked live rapeseed, after the harvest of the former rice and other crops, generally from September 20 to October 15, using mechanized combined sowing, trenching no-till or live-planting, etc., when the soil moisture is appropriate Sowing, the amount of seeding per mu is 250~300 grams, and the density of mu is about 30,000.
When the sensation is not good, fill it once after the sowing to ensure that the whole seedling is broadcast. The plots with delayed sowing and poor grievances will increase the amount of broadcast by about 20%. The two-planted rapeseed, the best seedling period and transplanting period are in mid-September and mid-October, respectively. The ratio of seedbed to Honda is 1:6, and the seedling volume per acre is 500~600g. The use of "one hole and two plants" ensures that the planting density of 6000-8000 plants per acre in Daejeon.
Rice-rice oil three-crop early-ripening rapeseed, the live broadcast is generally harvested in the late October of the late rice, using mechanical joint sowing, mechanical ditching live or less no-till live broadcast, etc., sowing the amount of 300-400 grams per mu, mu density More than 40,000 plants; seedling transplanting time, the seedling raising time can be postponed for about 1 week than the middle-cooked rapeseed variety, and transplanted in time after the late rice harvest.
Third, strengthen field management, do a good job in pest control
It is necessary to attach great importance to the comprehensive prevention and control of Sclerotium disease, and to reduce the damage of Sclerotium disease by strengthening field management on the basis of selection of resistant varieties. First, open the three ditch. Rice field rapeseed in the Yangtze River Valley is prone to waterlogging, which will aggravate the occurrence of sclerotinia. When planting, it is necessary to open the lumbar sulcus, the ditches and the furrows, and clean them up in time to keep the three ditch unblocked. The second is time and seedlings. The live rapeseed is recommended to be broadcasted. The artificial seeding is usually carried out after the 2~3 leaf stage, preventing the occurrence of sclerotinia due to high density, poor ventilation and light transmission.
Mechanical precision live broadcast can be used without seedlings. The third is to continue to promote "one promotes four defenses." The initial flowering period is the best time to prevent and cure sclerotium disease and flowers. Generally, 40% sclerotium WP or 100 mg of prochloraz + 100 mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 50 g of quick-acting boron is mixed once per acre. , motorized sprayer (15 kg of water) or manual sprayer (30 kg of water) for work.
In addition, attention should also be paid to the prevention and control of grass damage and insect pests. Seedling transplanting rapeseed Before transplanting, live rapeseed can be weeded with 50% acetochlor EC 50-75 g per acre 50 kg spray before seeding. Seedling weeds can be used to remove herbicides such as quizalofop, double-assisted, and oil-grass double grams.
The rapeseed seedling stage is also vulnerable to stagnation, cabbage caterpillars, underground pests, etc., and should be controlled in time before the 3-leaf stage. The seedlings and soil can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution, and the cabbage caterpillar can be controlled with 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution or 12.5% ​​cyfluthrin suspension agent 10,000 times solution.
Fourth, scientific fertilization, promote plant steady growth
It is necessary to strengthen the regulation of fertilizer and water, cultivate strong seedlings, and ensure safe wintering. According to the growth characteristics and fertilizer characteristics of rapeseed, it is necessary to re-apply the base fertilizer, scientific topdressing and increase the application of boron fertilizer. It is recommended to apply the special slow-release formula fertilizer for rapeseed. Transplanting rapeseed can be applied with pure nitrogen (N) 10~12 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 3~4 kg, potassium (K2O) 3~5 kg, borax 0.75 kg; 60% nitrogen fertilizer, 60% potassium fertilizer and all boron Fertilizer for base fertilizer application, other 20%~30% nitrogen fertilizer for wintering seedling fertilizer, 10%~20% nitrogen fertilizer and 40% potassium fertilizer for manure fertilizer.
The live rapeseed can be applied with pure nitrogen (N) 9~11 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 3~4 kg, potassium (K2O) 4~5 kg, borax 0.75 kg, of which 50% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 20% is used for raising seedlings. Fertilizer, 20% for wintering seedling fertilizer, 10% for manure fertilizer; 80% potassium fertilizer for base fertilizer, 20% for wintering seedling fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer for all base fertilizer application. The overheated rapeseed can be used in 30 to 40 grams per acre, 15% paclobutrazol and 40 kilograms of water to control the growth and promote the anti-freezing ability of rapeseed.
5. Integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and promote the whole process of mechanized production
Vigorously promote the demonstration and promotion of the whole process of mechanized production of rapeseed, integrate soil suitable management, mechanized varieties, increase planting density, slow-release and full-nutrient one-time fertilization, combined mechanical sowing, pre-emerged closed weeding, “one promoted four defensesâ€, mechanical harvesting The core technologies such as straw (sclerotium) rapid decomposing, exploring new mechanized and large-scale production models such as winter idle farmland circulation and agricultural machinery cooperative services, and continuously improve the coverage rate and penetration rate of rapeseed mechanized production technology.
The general variety uses mechanical (or artificial) cutting and mechanical threshing two-stage harvesting technology. When more than 80% of the whole field is yellow, the rapeseed cutting machine (or artificial) is used to cut the rapeseed and the field is dried 5~7. After the day, pick and thresh with a self-propelled pick-up thresher. For varieties with better crack angle, suitable plant height, plant erect, neat layer, and good maturity, mechanical combined harvesting technology can be used. When more than 90% of the whole field is yellow, the water content is 15%. The rapeseed combine harvester is harvested at one time. After the harvest, it is necessary to grab the weather and dry the rapeseed to less than 12% of the water to ensure safe storage. Recommended reading: 2014/2015 wheat autumn and winter planting technical guidance
This article URL: 2014/2015 Winter Rape Production Technical Guidance
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